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近代以来的伦理学在道德行动理由问题上的争议不断。理性主义与情感主义不仅要回答来自对方观点的挑战与质疑,而且还共同面对着当代知识论中融贯论和境遇论对基础主义所提出的挑战。在亚里士多德的思想中,道德行动来自行动者理性慎思与情感认同相互自洽的结果,这种自洽性体现在行动者的“选择”上。选择是理智的欲求。亚里士多德的选择模式不仅避免了当代道德行动理论中理性与情感的分裂问题,还突出强调了道德行为者必须承担起道德行动所带来的责任问题。
The ethics in modern times has been controversial on the rationale of moral action. Rationalism and emotionalism not only need to answer the challenge and question from the viewpoint of each other, but also jointly face the challenge of basicism proposed by cohesion and circumstance in contemporary epistemology. In Aristotle’s thought, the moral action comes from the result of the self-consistent rational cognition and emotional identification of the actors, which is reflected in the “choice” of the actors. Choice is a rational desire. Aristotle’s choice mode not only avoids the division of rationality and emotion in the theory of contemporary moral action, but also highlights the responsibility that moral actors must take to carry out moral actions.