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目的:对比凹侧撑开与凸侧切除治疗先天性颈胸段侧凸畸形的技术差异，并评价其疗效。方法:收集2010年1月至2020年1月期间收治先天性颈胸段侧凸畸形8例患者的病历资料。男5例，女3例；手术时年龄为（12.5±4.5）岁（范围6~20岁）。Cn 7楔形椎1例，Tn 1半椎体及不对称蝶形4例，Tn 2半椎体2例，Tn 1-2后方小关节融合、椎板楔形变1例，均有不同程节段融合。2015年前采用凸侧切除技术（一期前后联合入路半椎体切除、环形截骨矫形术）治疗4例；2015年后采用凹侧撑开技术（一期前后联合入路行松解、椎间隙和关节突间隙撑开、cage置入融合术）治疗4例，其中2例患者行双节段凹侧撑开。记录围手术期神经、血管损伤及切口并发症发生情况。主要观察指标为手术前后及末次随访时影像学结构弯Cobb角、头尾侧代偿弯Cobb角、下颌倾斜角、颈部倾斜角、肩平衡角及头部偏移距离。n 结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术。凸侧切除组单椎手术时间（201±100）min（范围113~300 min），单椎术中出血量（294±153）ml（范围100~450 ml），住院时间（14±3）d（范围11~18 d），随访时间（51±11）个月（范围36~60个月）。凹侧撑开组单椎手术时间（117±14）min（范围101~129 min），单椎术中出血量（119±36）ml（范围85~167 ml），住院时间（17±3）d（范围14~20 d），随访时间（28±21）个月（范围12~60个月）。凸侧切除组单椎手术时间及术中出血量均较凹侧撑开组明显增加（n t=1.66，n P<0.001；n t=2.22，n P=0.041）。凸侧切除组结构弯Cobb角术前45.1°±21.0°，术后22.7°±15.3°，差异有统计学意义（n Z=6.53，n P=0.038），矫正率54.8%±30.9%；头侧代偿弯Cobb角术前22.1°±8.2°，术后8.2°±5.8°，差异有统计学意义（n F=6.01，n P=0.049），矫正率66.8%±15.1%；下颌倾斜角术前7.8°±3.1°，术后3.5°±1.5°，差异有统计学意义（n F=8.02，n P=0.018），矫正率51.0%±29.7%。凹侧撑开组结构弯Cobb角术前32.2°±27.2°，术后16.3°±16.7°，差异有统计学意义（n F=7.43，n P=0.024），矫正率59.0%±24.7%；尾侧代偿弯Cobb角术前18.9°（17.2°，32.1°），术后9.5°±10.3°，差异有统计学意义（n Z=6.00，n P=0.049），矫正率64.0%±24.1%；肩平衡角术前3.9°±2.3°，末次随访时0.3°±0.4°，差异有统计学意义（n F=1.75，n P=0.040），矫正率97.0%（48.5%，99.8%）。两组患者各项指标矫正率的差异均无统计学意义。末次随访时两组患者头颈肩部外观较术前改善。凸侧切除组2例患者术后出现神经根刺激症状，均为凸侧症状，1例表现为Cn 5神经根麻痹导致三角肌力量减弱，1例表现为肱三头肌肌力减弱。凹侧撑开组术后1例患者出现凸侧神经根刺激症状，表现为Cn 5神经根麻痹。均予脱水、激素、神经营养药等治疗，于出院前症状有所改善，术后3个月复查时肌力均恢复正常。n 结论:应用凸侧切除或凹侧撑开技术治疗先天性颈胸段侧凸畸形均安全、有效，凹侧撑开术具有更加安全、手术时间较短、术中出血量较少和手术难度较低的优势。“,”Objective:To compare the technique between concave distraction and convex resection in the treatment of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis and evaluate its curative effect.Methods:Data of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis patients from January 2010 to January 2020 were collected, among which 5 were males and 3 were females. The patients\' age was 12.5±4.5 years old (range 6-20 years old). One case had Cn 7 wedged vertebra, 4 cases had Tn 1 hemivertebra and unbalanced vertebra, 2 cases had Tn 2 hemivertebra and 1 case had fused facet joint and wedged lamina in Tn 1. All patients had different degrees of vertebra fusion. Convex resection technique (one stage anterior and posterior combined hemivertebrae resection and annular osteotomy) was used to treat 4 cases before 2015; Concave distraction technique (A combination of anterior and posterior release, intervertebral space and facet space distraction, cage placed and fusion) was used to treat 4 cases after 2015 and 2 of them had 2 segments distraction. Perioperative neurological, vascular and wound related complications were recorded. The main parameters were structure Cobb angle, cephalic and caudal compensatory Cobb angle, mandibular incline, neck tilt, shoulder balance and head shift were measured pre-operation, post-operation and at the last follow-up.n Results:All patients\' surgeries were completed successfully. In convex resection group, the duration of surgery was 201±100 min (range 113-300 min) per vertebra, the estimated blood loss was 294±153 ml (range 100-450 ml) per vertebra, the hospital stay was 14±3 d (range 11-18 d) and follow up time was 51±11 months (range 36-60 months). In concave distraction group, the duration of surgery was 117±14 min (range 101-129 min) per vertebra, the estimated blood loss was 119±36 ml (range 85-167 ml) per vertebra, hospital stay was 17±3 d (range 14-20 d) and follow up time was 28±21 months (range 12-60 months). Convex resection group had longer operation time and more blood loss per vertebra than concave distraction group. In convex resection group, structural Cobb angle was 45.1°±21.0° pre-operation and 22.7°±15.3° post-operation, which was corrected significantly (n Z=6.53, n P=0.038). The correction rate was 54.8%±30.9%. Cephalic compensatory Cobb angle was 22.1°±8.2° pre-operation and 8.2°±5.8° post-operation, which was corrected significantly (n F=6.01, n P=0.049). The correction rate was 66.8%±15.1%. Mandible incline was 7.8°±3.1° pre-operation and 3.5°±1.5° post-operation, which was corrected significantly (n F=8.02, n P=0.018). The correction rate was 51.0%±29.7%. In concave distraction group, structural Cobb angle was 32.2°±27.2° pre-operation and 16.3°±16.7° post-operation, which was corrected significantly (n F=7.43, n P=0.024) . The correction rate was 59.0%±24.7%. Caudal compensatory Cobb angle was 18.9°(17.2°, 32.1°) pre-operation and 9.5°±10.3° post-operation, which was corrected significantly (n Z=6.00, n P=0.049). The correction rate was 64.0%±24.1%. Clavicle angle was 3.9°±2.3° pre-operation and 0.3°±0.4° post-operation, which was corrected significantly (n F=1.75, n P=0.040). The correction rate was 97.0% (48.5%, 99.8%). There was no significant difference in the correction rate of all radiographic parameters between the two groups. At the last follow-up, the patients\' appearance of head, neck and shoulder were improved compared with those before surgery. In convex resection group, 2 patients showed nerve root stimulation symptoms postoperatively on convex side. One patient developed Cn 5 nerve root palsy which weakened deltoid muscle and the other patients presented with reduced triceps muscle strength. In concave distraction group, one patient developed Cn 5 nerve root palsy on convex side. All these symptoms recovered by conservative treatment 3 months after operation.n Conclusion:It is safe and effective to treat congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis with convex resection technique and concave distraction technique. The concave distraction technique has the advantages of more safety, less operating time, less blood loss and easier to perform and has a wider application prospect.