一、前言球形容器的焊接质量是使用安全性的关键之一,国内球罐的开罐检查表明相当多的裂纹与焊接有关。但这并不意味着焊接本身是一种祸害,而是许多部门对焊接认识不够。焊接给结构带来的问题可能有焊接区域的性能、特别是韧性的恶化,各种焊接缺陷的产生,焊接残留应力,应力集中以及焊后热处理产生的脆化或裂纹。开罐与制造中发现大量裂纹及破裂事故已引起劳动部门及有关单位的高度重视,冶金部 I. INTRODUCTION The welding quality of spherical vessels is one of the keys to the safety of use. Inspection of open domes of domestic spherical tanks shows that quite a few cracks are related to welding. But this does not mean that welding itself is a scourge, but many departments do not know enough about welding. Problems posed by welding to the structure may result in areas of the weld, in particular deterioration of toughness, various weld defects, residual weld stress, stress concentration and embrittlement or cracking resulting from post-weld heat treatment. A large number of cracks and ruptures have been uncovered in the opening of cans and in manufacturing, which have drawn great attention from the labor departments and relevant units. The Ministry of Metallurgy