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亚里士多德在《政治学》中比较分析了不同类型的政体,并指出他所认为的最佳政体。经过对现实政治状况的理性分析,以及对中产阶级中庸特性的认可,亚里士多德将实现最佳政体的理想寄于以中产阶级为基础的共和制。然而,对于中产阶级的强大,亚里士多德并非盲目的乐观。一方面他清楚地认识到共和政体很难通过改良方式实现。贵族和平民两派都不会轻易放弃私利。因此,亚里士多德希望统治者能更多地顾及城邦的公共利益,妥协让步。另一方面亚里士多德强调教育是培育良好公民,以实现城邦至善公义的根本途径。
Aristotle compared different types of polities in Politics and pointed out what he considered the best form of government. Aristotle sent the ideal of the best form of government to the middle class-based republic after a rational analysis of the state of the real politics and recognition of the middle class’s character. However, Aristotle is not blindly optimistic about the power of the middle class. On the one hand, he clearly realized that it is very difficult to achieve a republican government by means of reform. Both aristocrats and civilians will not easily give up their own private interests. Therefore, Aristotle hopes that the ruler will give more consideration to the public interests of the city-state and compromise concessions. Aristotle, on the other hand, emphasized that education is the fundamental way to cultivate good citizens and achieve the just good of the city.