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明代以前,中国海运的技术和条件已十分成熟,明初郑和的船队更是极当时世界之盛。但自明成祖时起,明清中央政府却开始畏惧海洋,在向京师运送漕粮时,长期弃海运、行河运,造成了国家财政极大的浪费,并牺牲了许多无辜百姓的性命。更为严重的是,维持河运给苏北、皖北、鲁南等地区造成了不可估量的生态灾难,并使中国忽视了海军建设,使中国在欧洲列强开始海上争霸之时,由航海强国突变为被海洋所抛弃的没落帝国,最终为海洋国家所征服。而维持河运的真实目的,相当程度是既得利益集团为了一己之利所造成的。
Before the Ming Dynasty, the technology and conditions of China’s shipping industry have been very mature. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zheng He’s fleet was extremely prosperous in the world. However, since the Ming dynasty, the Central Government of Ming and Qing dynasties started to fear the oceans. When shipping grain and grain to the capitalists, they abandoned the maritime transport and transported river transport for a long time, causing tremendous waste of state finances and sacrificing the lives of many innocent people. What is more serious is that the maintenance of river transport has caused immeasurable ecological catastrophe to areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and southern Shandong, and has left China ignoring the naval construction so that when the European powers started the operation of the sea hegemony, For the decayed Empire abandoned by the ocean, finally conquered by the maritime countries. The true purpose of maintaining river transport is, to a considerable extent, created by vested interest groups for their own benefit.