梨园私寓制,是诞生于北京的一种戏曲文化现象,是晚清戏曲发展兴盛、社会上层狎优风气盛行的产物。名伶(主要是旦角)创建私寓,招收子弟学戏,并从事侑酒服务,从而使私寓制与晚清社会文化诸多方面产生密切联系,并对戏曲本身发展产生深远影响。私寓制大致形成于嘉庆初年,发展成熟于嘉道之际,繁荣期一直延续到光绪中后叶,一百多年的时间里,其在伶人培养、训练方面形成了自己的特色,开创出晚清剧场的独特观演模式,形成包括伶人品评、私寓谱录、伶人传记和掌故丛谈等各类形式宣传鼓吹艺人的著作,显示出独特的梨园文化景观。 Pear garden private residence system is a kind of opera culture phenomenon born in Beijing. It is the product of flourishing development of opera in the late Qing Dynasty and the prevalent social superiority. The famous actors (mainly Danjiao) created private apartments, recruited their children’s play, and engaged in liquor service. As a result, the private residence system was closely linked with many aspects of social culture in the late Qing dynasty and had a profound impact on the development of the opera itself. The private residence was formed in the early years of Jiaqing and matured at the occasion of JiaDao. During the prosperity period, it continued to the mid and late of Guangxu. For more than one hundred years, it formed its own characteristics in the cultivation and training of the singers, In the late Qing dynasty, the unique performance mode of the theater was followed, and various works including propaganda and criticism of the performers, private records, biography and anecdotes of the singers were formed to promote artists, which showed the unique cultural landscape of pear orchard.