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冠词是高考中的一个常考点。因此，掌握冠词的用法，是高考备考的一个重要内容。
冠词是虚词，用于名词之前，说明所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)，现将其主要用法归纳如下：
一、不定冠词的用法
不定冠词只能位于单数可数名词之前，表示泛指某类人或事物中的“一个”或者“任何一个”，也可指“每一”“某一”“同一”等。如：
My father is a farmer. 我父亲是农民。(表类别)
A horse is an animal which has four legs. 马是一种有四只脚的动物。（任一）
A beautiful lady is waiting for you outside. 一个漂亮的女子正在外边等你。(某一)
You should take the medicine four times a day. 你应每天服药四次。(每一)
You shoes and mine are of a size . 你的鞋和我的鞋是同一个尺寸（同一）
还可用于某些固定词组中。如：many a time许多次，have a word with sb.同某人谈一谈，lend a hand帮助，make a noise吵闹，make a face做鬼脸，play a part in在……中起作用，take an action采取行动，tell a lie说谎，a waste of浪费，at a time一次，do a good deed做一件好事，have a go试一试，have a good time玩得开心。
二、定冠词的用法
用在单数或复数可数名词前，或者用于不可数名词前，特指某(些)人或物，表示“这，这些，那，那些”，这是定冠词the的基本用法。另外，指上文提过的人或物，或者指谈话双方都知道的人或物也可归为“特指”这类用法。如：
The students in the classroom are taking a test.教室里的那些学生正在考试。(基本用法)
I bought a bike yesterday. But the bike was stolen today. 昨天我买了一辆单车。但这辆单车今天被偷了。(指上文提到过的单车)
When you leave, remember to close the door. 当你离开时记住关门。(指谈话双方都知道的门)
定冠词还有以下几种用法：
(1)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前、序数词前、形容词的最高级前、由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
The Venus is nearer to the sun than the earth. 金星比地球离太阳更近。(独一无二的事物名词前)
It’s the first time that I have been to Shanghai. 这是我第一次去上海。(序数词前)
She is the most beautiful girl in her class. 她是我班中最漂亮的女生。(最高级前)
the Changjiang River 长江(普通名词构成的专有名词)
(2)用于带介词的方位名词前、play后的西洋乐器名词之前。如：
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
Mr. Huang often plays the violin in the evening. 黄老师经常在晚上拉小提琴。
(3)用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人或事物。如：the poor穷人，the old 老人，the wounded 伤员，the ugly 丑陋的事物。
(4)用于姓氏复数之前，表示某某夫妇或某某一家人。如：
The Lins will move to Guangzhou. 林家将搬去广州。
(5)用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或物。如：
The car is a very important transporting tool in some large cities. 在一些大城市里，小车是一种重要的交通工具。
(6)在“the 比较级 the 比较级”句型中，表示“越……越……”。如：
The higher you stand, the farther you will see. 你站得越高，你看得越远。
(7)用在某些固定结构中。如：in the morning 在早上，on the whole 大体上，to tell you the truth 老实说，at the same time 同时，in the past 过去，on the radio 通过广播，by the day 按日计，to the point 中肯。
针对性练习
一、单句填空 在下列句中填空a, an或the。
1. When having supper, my mother often place _______ spoon on the table before her.
2. They come from _______ village in the northwest.
3. _______ knife is used to cut something.
4. In summer, my son often asks me to buy him _______ ice-cream.
5. The girl made _______ effort to learn English.
6. Some farmers make _______ living by growing vegetables.
7. Jumping out of _______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _______ exciting experience.
8. Mr. Zhang goes home to see his parents four times _______ month.
9. _______ knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
10. His sister is _______ university student.
11. Helping you with your English is _______ honorable task.
12. There is _______ “m” in the word “family”.
13. ________ bike under the tree is Mr. Li’s.
14. Could I open _______ window, please?
15. There is no absolute peace in _______ world.
16. After watching TV, she played ______ piano for two hours.
17. Who was _______ last one leaving the classroom?
18. _______ computer is a very common tool now.
19. I will have been married for eight years by ______ end of 2008.
20. _______ faster you run, the sooner you will reach the end point.
21. The cruel stepmother often hits the little girl in ______ face.
22. ______ New York Times is welcomed by many people.
23. ______ blind should be taken good care of.
24. Guangxi lies on _______ west of GuangDong.
25. _______ Chens are very popular in our town.
26. Mr. Li bought a new mobile phone yesterday. But ______ mobile phone doesn’t work today.
二、语篇填空 在下列短文的空格处填入a, an或the。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about1discussion we’ve had about whether2entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on3question. 60%of4students are against5idea of entrance fees. They believe6public park should be free of charge. People need7place where they can rest and enjoy themselves Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to8appearance of9city.
On10other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案与点拨：
一、单句填空
1. a表示某类事物中的一个。
2. a没具体说明是哪个村。
3. A 指某类事物中的任何一个。
4. an指事物种类。
5. an固定短语：make an effort 努力。
6. 固定短语a make a living 谋生。
7. an. an前者指某类事物中的一个，后者表示“一次”。
8. a 表示“每一”。
9. A指一门知识。
10. a指一类人。
11. an指一类事物，意为“一项光荣的任务”。
12. an 表示数量“一个”，字母m以元音音素[e]开头。
13. The特指树下的单车。
14. the指双方都知道的事物。
15. the指独一无二的东西，只有一个世界。
16. the用于play后的乐器名称之前。
17. the序数词前。
18. The表示一类事物。
19. the固定搭配。
20. The 是the more..., the more结构。
21. the打某人某个部位，部位名词前用the。
22. The由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
23. The 因“the 形容词”表示一类人。
24. the在方位名词前。
25. The 因“the 姓的复数”表示一家人。
26. the指上文提过的东西。
二、语篇填空
1. the特指已作出的决定。
2. an表示种类。
3. the表示上文提到过的事物。
4. the表示提过的人，指“我们”。
5. the表示特指。
6. a表示某类事物。
7. a指一个地方。
8. the表示特指。
9. a泛指一个城市。
10. the惯用短语。
责任编校 蒋小青
冠词是虚词，用于名词之前，说明所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)，现将其主要用法归纳如下：
一、不定冠词的用法
不定冠词只能位于单数可数名词之前，表示泛指某类人或事物中的“一个”或者“任何一个”，也可指“每一”“某一”“同一”等。如：
My father is a farmer. 我父亲是农民。(表类别)
A horse is an animal which has four legs. 马是一种有四只脚的动物。（任一）
A beautiful lady is waiting for you outside. 一个漂亮的女子正在外边等你。(某一)
You should take the medicine four times a day. 你应每天服药四次。(每一)
You shoes and mine are of a size . 你的鞋和我的鞋是同一个尺寸（同一）
还可用于某些固定词组中。如：many a time许多次，have a word with sb.同某人谈一谈，lend a hand帮助，make a noise吵闹，make a face做鬼脸，play a part in在……中起作用，take an action采取行动，tell a lie说谎，a waste of浪费，at a time一次，do a good deed做一件好事，have a go试一试，have a good time玩得开心。
二、定冠词的用法
用在单数或复数可数名词前，或者用于不可数名词前，特指某(些)人或物，表示“这，这些，那，那些”，这是定冠词the的基本用法。另外，指上文提过的人或物，或者指谈话双方都知道的人或物也可归为“特指”这类用法。如：
The students in the classroom are taking a test.教室里的那些学生正在考试。(基本用法)
I bought a bike yesterday. But the bike was stolen today. 昨天我买了一辆单车。但这辆单车今天被偷了。(指上文提到过的单车)
When you leave, remember to close the door. 当你离开时记住关门。(指谈话双方都知道的门)
定冠词还有以下几种用法：
(1)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前、序数词前、形容词的最高级前、由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
The Venus is nearer to the sun than the earth. 金星比地球离太阳更近。(独一无二的事物名词前)
It’s the first time that I have been to Shanghai. 这是我第一次去上海。(序数词前)
She is the most beautiful girl in her class. 她是我班中最漂亮的女生。(最高级前)
the Changjiang River 长江(普通名词构成的专有名词)
(2)用于带介词的方位名词前、play后的西洋乐器名词之前。如：
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
Mr. Huang often plays the violin in the evening. 黄老师经常在晚上拉小提琴。
(3)用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人或事物。如：the poor穷人，the old 老人，the wounded 伤员，the ugly 丑陋的事物。
(4)用于姓氏复数之前，表示某某夫妇或某某一家人。如：
The Lins will move to Guangzhou. 林家将搬去广州。
(5)用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或物。如：
The car is a very important transporting tool in some large cities. 在一些大城市里，小车是一种重要的交通工具。
(6)在“the 比较级 the 比较级”句型中，表示“越……越……”。如：
The higher you stand, the farther you will see. 你站得越高，你看得越远。
(7)用在某些固定结构中。如：in the morning 在早上，on the whole 大体上，to tell you the truth 老实说，at the same time 同时，in the past 过去，on the radio 通过广播，by the day 按日计，to the point 中肯。
针对性练习
一、单句填空 在下列句中填空a, an或the。
1. When having supper, my mother often place _______ spoon on the table before her.
2. They come from _______ village in the northwest.
3. _______ knife is used to cut something.
4. In summer, my son often asks me to buy him _______ ice-cream.
5. The girl made _______ effort to learn English.
6. Some farmers make _______ living by growing vegetables.
7. Jumping out of _______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _______ exciting experience.
8. Mr. Zhang goes home to see his parents four times _______ month.
9. _______ knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
10. His sister is _______ university student.
11. Helping you with your English is _______ honorable task.
12. There is _______ “m” in the word “family”.
13. ________ bike under the tree is Mr. Li’s.
14. Could I open _______ window, please?
15. There is no absolute peace in _______ world.
16. After watching TV, she played ______ piano for two hours.
17. Who was _______ last one leaving the classroom?
18. _______ computer is a very common tool now.
19. I will have been married for eight years by ______ end of 2008.
20. _______ faster you run, the sooner you will reach the end point.
21. The cruel stepmother often hits the little girl in ______ face.
22. ______ New York Times is welcomed by many people.
23. ______ blind should be taken good care of.
24. Guangxi lies on _______ west of GuangDong.
25. _______ Chens are very popular in our town.
26. Mr. Li bought a new mobile phone yesterday. But ______ mobile phone doesn’t work today.
二、语篇填空 在下列短文的空格处填入a, an或the。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about1discussion we’ve had about whether2entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on3question. 60%of4students are against5idea of entrance fees. They believe6public park should be free of charge. People need7place where they can rest and enjoy themselves Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to8appearance of9city.
On10other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案与点拨：
一、单句填空
1. a表示某类事物中的一个。
2. a没具体说明是哪个村。
3. A 指某类事物中的任何一个。
4. an指事物种类。
5. an固定短语：make an effort 努力。
6. 固定短语a make a living 谋生。
7. an. an前者指某类事物中的一个，后者表示“一次”。
8. a 表示“每一”。
9. A指一门知识。
10. a指一类人。
11. an指一类事物，意为“一项光荣的任务”。
12. an 表示数量“一个”，字母m以元音音素[e]开头。
13. The特指树下的单车。
14. the指双方都知道的事物。
15. the指独一无二的东西，只有一个世界。
16. the用于play后的乐器名称之前。
17. the序数词前。
18. The表示一类事物。
19. the固定搭配。
20. The 是the more..., the more结构。
21. the打某人某个部位，部位名词前用the。
22. The由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
23. The 因“the 形容词”表示一类人。
24. the在方位名词前。
25. The 因“the 姓的复数”表示一家人。
26. the指上文提过的东西。
二、语篇填空
1. the特指已作出的决定。
2. an表示种类。
3. the表示上文提到过的事物。
4. the表示提过的人，指“我们”。
5. the表示特指。
6. a表示某类事物。
7. a指一个地方。
8. the表示特指。
9. a泛指一个城市。
10. the惯用短语。
责任编校 蒋小青