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本文概括了国内外有关资料报导和工厂生产实践,指出高强度钢零件在含氢的环境介质中使用时,吸氢是导致环境氢脆的根源,环境氢脆成因除钢的化学成分和强度水平外,也是环境条件、原始含氢量、吸氢量、表面状况、拉应力和组织类型综合影响的结果,阐述采取添加缓蚀剂、表面防护、喷丸处理和适宜的热处理工艺方法,可以显著地降低环境氢脆的敏感性,有效的减少或堵绝环境氢脆事故。在高强度钢零件加工和使用的过程中,氢脆断裂是常见的失效形式。按照钢中氢的来源,可将氢脆分成反应性氢脆、内部可逆性氢脆和环境氢脆三种不同类型。反应性氢脆是在高温高压的条件下,由于钢与氢发生脱碳等化学反应,而引起的不可逆性氢脆:内部可逆性氢脆是零件在制造的加工过程中,由于吸氢引起的氢脆,只要零件尚未形成氢裂用脱氢处理可使脆性消失;环境氢脆是成品零件装配使用后,由于在含氢的环境介质中吸氢,而引起的氢脆断裂现象。尽管环境氢脆也是一种可逆性的氢脆,但因零件装配使用时,不能使用常规的脱氢方法除氢,所以往往在断裂事故发生后的故障分析中才被鉴别,致使这种可逆性氢脆的不可逆损伤行为,探讨它的成因和预防措施有更加重要的意义。由于钢的化学成分和强度水平通常难以改变,因此本文分析环境氢脆成因时,侧重于环境介质中的吸氢、拉应力和组织类型;阐述预防措施时,着重于工厂生产实践中已经应用的方法。
This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign information reports and factory production practices, pointed out that high-strength steel parts in the hydrogen-containing environment medium, hydrogen absorption is the cause of environmental hydrogen embrittlement, the cause of environmental hydrogen embrittlement in addition to the chemical composition and strength levels But also the result of comprehensive influence of environmental conditions, original hydrogen content, hydrogen absorption capacity, surface condition, tensile stress and the type of tissue. The effects of adding corrosion inhibitor, surface protection, shot peening and appropriate heat treatment process can be remarkably To reduce the sensitivity of environmental hydrogen embrittlement, effectively reduce or block the environmental hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen brittle fracture is a common failure mode during the processing and use of high-strength steel parts. According to the source of hydrogen in the steel, hydrogen embrittlement can be divided into three types: reactive hydrogen embrittlement, internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement and environmental hydrogen embrittlement. Reactive hydrogen embrittlement is an irreversible hydrogen embrittlement caused by chemical reactions such as decarburization of steel with hydrogen under high temperature and high pressure conditions: Internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement is caused by hydrogen absorption during the manufacturing process of a part Hydrogen embrittlement, as long as the parts have not yet formed a hydrogen splitting dehydrogenation treatment can make brittle disappear; environmental hydrogen embrittlement is the finished product assembly and use, due to hydrogen-containing hydrogen in the hydrogen medium environment, causing hydrogen embrittlement fracture phenomenon. Although environmental hydrogen embrittlement is also a reversible hydrogen embrittlement, it can not be identified in the failure analysis after the occurrence of a fracture due to the inability to use conventional dehydrogenation methods to remove hydrogen when assembled and used, so that such reversibility Hydrogen embrittlement of irreversible damage behavior, to explore its causes and preventive measures have more significance. As the chemical composition and strength of steel are usually difficult to change, this paper analyzes the causes of environmental hydrogen embrittlement, focusing on the hydrogen absorption, tensile stress and the type of tissue in the environmental medium. When explaining the precautionary measures, the emphasis has been placed on the application of method.