With the support of the central government, the Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP) was initiated by CAS in 1998 in an effort to build a national innovation system at the advent of a knowledge-based economy. Since then, scores of major projects under the Program have been launched with an objective to address the key S&T issues that are of strategic significance to the economic development, national security and social sustainable development in China. Through integrating CAS strengths with social resources, these projects have scored encouraging achievements. During the Eleventh Five-year Plan period (2006-2010), CAS started a batch of new KIP projects in light of the national strategic demand and the international trend on S&T frontiers. Until 2009, 17 major projects were launched. The following is a brief introduction to some of the on- going projects. With the support of the central government, the Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP) was initiated by CAS in 1998 in an effort to build a national innovation system at the advent of a knowledge-based economy. Since then, scores of major projects under the Program have been launched with an objective to address the key S & T issues that are of strategic significance to the economic development, national security and social sustainable development in China. Through the CAS strengths with social resources, these projects have scored encouraged achievements. During the Eleventh Five -year Plan period (2006-2010), CAS started a batch of new KIP projects in light of the national strategic demand and the international trend on S & T frontiers. Until 2009, 17 major projects were launched. The following is a brief introduction to some of the on-going projects.