从华夏对非华夏的认知与定位,两者的互动角度,来解读早期汉文文献对湘西地区的记载。一直到宋代熙宁年间尝试将湘西地区纳入直接统治之前,中原王朝对于湘西地区的有效管控,基本上都还只是士大夫们偶尔的理想或者后朝的建构。事实上,中原王朝也并不一定汲汲以求于当地的华夏化。在两个或者两个以上强势王权之间,配合山区复杂的地理与生态,给多样性社会与族群的发展提供了空间。其中有些进一步阶序化,发展为地方王权,湘西土酋也曾经做出如此努力。中原王朝也需要有这样的空间来作为与其他王权的缓冲地带。 From the perspectives of Huaxia’s cognition and positioning of non-Huaxia, the interaction between the two, we can interpret the records of the early Chinese documents in western Hunan. Until the Song Dynasty Xining years try to direct the western region into direct rule, the Central Plains dynasty for the effective control of the western region, are basically only the occasional ideals of literati or the construction of the dynasty. In fact, the Central Plains dynasty is not necessarily absorbed in the local Huaxia. In between two or more powerful monarchies, cooperate with the complex geography and ecology of the mountain area, to provide space for the development of diverse society and ethnic groups. Some of these were further stratified and developed into local monarchies. Such efforts have also been made by western Hunan. Central Plains dynasty also need such a space as a buffer zone with other monarchies.