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采用3因素3水平的盆栽正交试验研究了不同浓度N(7.5、15、30 mmol L-1)、P(0.5、2、4 mmol L-1)和K(3、6、18 mmol L-1)营养液配比对桔梗干物质积累、养分吸收利用及桔梗皂苷D含量的影响。结果表明:在N_3、P_2、K_2水平处理下桔梗叶片光和色素含量及净光合速率各自达到最大值。随着栽培时间的延长,桔梗根部干物质及N、P、K积累量逐步增加,桔梗皂苷D含量则先下降后上升,但均在10月份显著升高。N、P、K肥对桔梗干物质积累及桔梗皂苷D含量的影响顺序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。10月收获时,分别在N_2、P_2、K_2水平处理下,桔梗根部干物质积累量及桔梗皂苷D含量最大。全生育期内桔梗植株对N、P、K的吸收量为101.93、86.24、158.10 mg plant-1。且春夏季N、P、K营养在桔梗地上部分高于地下部分,而秋季营养物质向根部集中。结论:桔梗植株全生育期内对氮、钾肥需求较多,且氮肥对桔梗的生长影响最大,每生产100 kg桔梗干物质需N、P_2O_5、K_2O的比例为1∶0.90∶1.27。
The effects of different concentrations of N (7.5,15,30 mmol L-1), P (0.5,2,4 mmol L-1) and K (3,6,18 mmol L- 1) Effect of nutrient solution on the accumulation of dry matter, nutrient uptake and utilization of Platycodonis and the content of Platycodin D. The results showed that under N_3, P_2 and K_2 levels, the contents of light and pigment and the net photosynthetic rate of Echinochloa crusgalli reached the maximum respectively. With the prolongation of cultivation time, the accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K in root of Campanulaceae increased gradually, but the content of Campanulaceae D decreased firstly and then increased, but both increased significantly in October. The order of N, P and K fertilizers on the accumulation of dry matter of Campanulaceae and the content of platycodin D were as follows: nitrogen fertilizer> potassium fertilizer> phosphate fertilizer. At harvesting in October, the accumulation of dry matter and the content of platycodin D in Platycodon grandiflorum were highest under N_2, P_2 and K_2 levels respectively. During the whole growth period, the absorption of N, P and K to Campanulaceae was 101.93, 86.24 and 158.10 mg plant-1 respectively. And spring and summer N, P, K nutrition in Campanulaceae above part of the ground above the ground, while the fall of nutrients to the roots of concentration. Conclusion: There is a great demand for nitrogen and potassium fertilizer during the whole growing period of Campanulaceae, and the nitrogen fertilizer has the greatest impact on the growth of Campanulaceae. The dry matter content of 100 kg of Campanulaceae need N: P_2O_5 and K_2O is 1: 0.90: 1.27.