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某型汽车转向输出轴装配汽车后在山路情况下使用8个月零6天后发生断裂,累计行驶里程为35 001 km。通过对转向器进行化学成分分析、宏观及微观断口分析、高倍金相检验、拉伸力学性能试验、显微硬度测定对转向器断裂发生原因进行了分析。结果表明:转向输出轴是扭转应力作用下的一次性过载断裂,热处理后材料强度偏低和受到过大冲击载荷是导致该转向输出轴发生断裂的主要原因。
After a certain type of automobile steering output shaft is assembled with a car, it breaks after 8 months and 6 days of use in mountainous conditions, with a total mileage of 35 001 km. By analyzing the steering gear chemical composition, macro and micro fracture analysis, high magnification metallographic examination, tensile mechanical properties test, microhardness determination of the steering gear rupture causes were analyzed. The results show that the steering output shaft is a one-time overload failure under the torsional stress. The main reason for the fracture of the steering output shaft is that the material strength is too low and the impact load is too large after heat treatment.