本文简要介绍了甾体皂甙及其甙元的结构特征及目前较为常用的分离方法;较详细地讨论了与其结构鉴定有关的各种技术,尤其是各种光谱测试手段在确定皂甙的骨架结构,取代情况及成甙状态等方面的应用。并重点介绍了目前最为常用的质谱和核磁共振方法的应用范围、辅助手段及各自的优缺点。 This paper briefly introduces the structural features of steroidal saponins and their aglycone and their commonly used separation methods. It also discusses in detail the various techniques related to its structural identification, especially the determination of saponin skeleton structure by various spectral testing methods. Replace applications such as situation and success. In addition, the most commonly used mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance methods are introduced, including the scope of application, supporting methods, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.