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“汉语词汇內的反义现象和同义现象相比,差不多同样普遍和丰富。”语言实际中大量的反义词就是最有力的说明。比如,何九盈、蒋绍愚先生通过对先秦五部经典进行典型调查共得216对反义词。但是学者们对反义词的研究开展的比较晚,也比较少。东汉许慎《说文解字》已经注意到了利用反义词的否定格式来注释词义,此后,从晋代郭璞的《尔雅注》指出“反训”现象
“Antonymy in Chinese terms is almost as universal and abundant as synonymous.” “The large number of antonyms in language is the most powerful explanation.” For example, He Jiuying and Jiang Shaoyu obtained 216 pairs of antonyms through a typical survey of five pre-Qin classics. However, scholars have carried out relatively late, relatively few studies on antonyms. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi has noticed the use of the negative form of antonyms to annotate the meanings. Since then, Guo Er's “Er Ya Zhu” in the Jin Dynasty has pointed out the phenomenon of “anti-training”