在实验室里和化工生产中,我们经常会碰到两个组分以上的均相液态混合物的分离问题。因为,反应物经过化学反应后,一般很难得到完全纯的生成物,往往得到的是一个既有生成物又有反应物或副产物的均相溶液。如工业上用发酵法制取酒精,得到的就是乙醇和水的均相溶液。这样就存在着一个分离提纯的问题。均相分离和提纯的操作有很多种,如萃取、吸附和离子交换等。对于具有挥发性的组分可采用蒸馏的方法来分离和提纯。蒸馏在 In the laboratory and chemical production, we often encounter two or more components of the homogeneous liquid mixture separation problem. Because, after the reactant chemical reaction, it is generally difficult to get completely pure product, often obtained is a product of both existing as a homogeneous solution of reactants or by-products. Such as industrial production of alcohol fermentation law, get a homogeneous solution of ethanol and water. So there is a problem of separation and purification. Homogenization and purification of a wide range of operations, such as extraction, adsorption and ion exchange. Distillation can be used to separate and purify volatile components. Distilled in