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The characteristics of a disturbed soil-structure interface were studied based on the variation regularities of the disturbed soil within its mining subsidence area using direct shear tests. The effects of the initial moisture content on the shear strength parameters of the soil-structure interfaces were analyzed. The results indicate that the cohesion of the interface initially increased and then decreased as the initial moisture content increased. In addition, the friction angle of the interface decreased as the initial moisture content increased. A constitutive model of the disturbed soil-structure interface, a rigid-plastic model based on the initial void ratio and saturability (VSRP) model, was established based on the results. In order to validate this model, a finite element analysis of DRS-1 direct shear tests was conducted. The finite element model calculations coincided with the results of the DRS-1 direct shear tests. The proposed model also reflected the nonlinear features of the soil-structure interface.