论文部分内容阅读
与斯密的“看不见的手”的命题相对应,钱德勒基于对19世纪末以来美国企业史的分析,把纵向一体化背景下的管理革命提炼为“看得见的手”的命题,即认为管理而非市场成为调节经济的主导手段。然而,20世纪后期以来,随着人口和收入的增长,以及计算机、电讯技术和因特网的传播,斯密的看不见的手的调节作用重归主导,而钱德勒的看得见的手退居其次。对此,本文提出一个“消逝的手”的假说:随着人口和人均收入的增长以及贸易中技术和法律壁垒的减少,斯密的劳动分工过程促使通过市场来改善和协调专业化。由于技术、组织和制度的反应速度不同,钱德勒的管理革命是高产出技术对协调的需要和满足该需要的市场和协调技术能力之间的失衡所导致的结果。随着市场范围的增长和协调技术的改进,管理不断屈·从于专业化。
Corresponding to Smith’s “Invisible Hand” proposition, Chandler, based on an analysis of American business history since the late 19th century, refined the management revolution in the context of vertical integration into “visible hand” “Proposition, that management rather than the market as the dominant means of economic regulation. However, since the late 20th century, with the growth of population and income, and the spread of computers, telecommunications technology and the Internet, the adjustment of Smith’s invisible hand reverted to domination, and Chandler’s visible hand-back Second place. In this regard, the paper proposes a hypothesis of ”hand-off": With the growth of population and per capita income and the reduction of technical and legal barriers to trade, Smith’s division of labor process has prompted the improvement and harmonization of specialization through markets. Due to the varying reaction rates of technology, organization and institutions, the management revolution in Chandler is the result of an imbalance between the need for high-output technology for coordination and the market for meeting that need, and for coordinating technological capabilities. With the growth of the market scope and the improvement of coordination technology, management has continuously been subject to specialization.