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目的:探讨2010～2019年某医学院校医学专业本科新生人格的变迁趋势及其性别差异。方法:采用横断历史元分析方法和独立样本n t检验，探讨2010～2019年间17 395名医学专业本科新生在16项人格因素问卷(16 personality factor questionnaire，16PF)上得分的变迁趋势和性别差异。n 结果:(1)医学专业本科新生在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性和自律性上随年份降低(n β＝-0.93、-0.64、-0.85、-0.48、-0.80、-0.65、-0.92、-0.91，均n P<0.01)，而在敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性和紧张性上随年份上升(n β＝0.72、0.88、0.81、0.65、0.86、0.95、0.90、0.88，均n P<0.01)，不同性别新生在各人格特质上降低和上升的变迁趋势一致。(2)女性医学专业本科新生在乐群性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、紧张性人格特质上高于男性(n t＝22.51、18.15、21.15、5.89、12.35、5.46，均n P<0.01)，而在稳定性、恃强性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性人格特质上低于男性(n t＝-18.25、-16.54、-9.75、-5.05、-9.97，均n P<0.01)。n 结论:医学专业本科新生在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性和自律性上随年份降低，在敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性和紧张性上随年份上升，男、女性新生各人格特质的变迁趋势与总体一致，并在多数人格特质上存在显著性别差异。“,”Objective:To explore the changes of personality in medical college freshmen from 2010 to 2019 and the difference of gender.Methods:The cross-temporal meta-analysis and independent sample n t-test were used to explore the change of medical college freshmen’s scores on 16 personality factor questionnaire (16PF) in the past 10 years (2010~2019) and the gender difference.A total of 17 395 samples of medical college freshmen were enrolled in the present study.n Results:(1)The score of Warmth(A), Reasoning (B), Emotional Stability(C), Dominance(E), Liveliness(F), Rule-Consciousness(G), Social Boldness(H) and Perfectionism (Q3) were negatively correlated with year (n β=-0.93, -0.64, -0.85, -0.48, -0.80, -0.65, -0.92, -0.91, all n P<0.01), while Sensitivity(I), Vigilance(L), Abstractness (M), Privateness (N), Apprehension (O), Openness to change (Q1), Self-Reliance (Q2), and Tension (Q4) were positively correlated with years (n β=0.72, 0.88, 0.81, 0.65, 0.86, 0.95, 0.90, 0.88, all n P<0.01). (2)The scores in female freshman were higher than those in male freshman in Warmth, Sensitivity, Abstractness, Privateness, Apprehension, and Tension (n t=22.51, 18.15, 21.15, 5.89, 12.35, 5.46, all n P<0.01), while the scores in female freshman were lower than those in male freshman in emotional stability, dominance, rule-consciousness, social boldness, and vigilance (n t=-18.25, -16.54, -9.75, -5.05, -9.97; all n P<0.01).n Conclusion:The warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness and perfectionism present a decreasing tendency, while sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, and tension present a rising tendency. The change tendency in both male and female are consistent with the overall trends and the significant gender differences are found in some personality traits.