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明清时期,徽商驰名全国,尤以盐商最为著名。明代以后,作为新衣料的棉布开始受到徽商的特别关注。其中,长江三角洲地区所生产的木棉,自明代后期至清代,以“南京棉布”之名而成为世界性的衣料,广为欧美国家所知。由于徽商故里距江南较近,因而徽商很早即进出江南,尤其是在上海地区,从事棉布买卖。明清时期,徽商活跃在江南各地特别是上海的棉布业领域,并在上海棉布交易扩大的条件下,创建了布业公所。徽州休宁出身的汪宽也出任布业公所负责人,显示出徽商在上海棉布业中的地位和影响。不仅明清时期如此,即使到了民国时期也是如此。本文就徽商和上海棉布业的关系、民国时期与上海棉布业有密切关系的徽商汪宽也,以及有关上海布业公所的状况,进行了较为细致的考察。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants became famous all over the country, especially the most famous salt merchants. After the Ming Dynasty, as a new cloth of cotton began to receive special attention Merchants. Among them, the kapok produced in the Yangtze River Delta region, since the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, has become a worldwide material in the name of “Nanjing Cotton Cloth” and is widely known to European and American countries. As the hometown of Huizhou merchants is nearer to Jiangnan, Huizhou merchants have been moving in and out of Jiangnan very early, especially in Shanghai. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou Merchants was active in the cotton cloth industry all over Jiangnan, especially in Shanghai. Under the condition of the expansion of Shanghai cotton cloth trade, Huizhou Merchants established the cloth industry office. Wang Huan, a native of Huizhou Xiuning, also took the post of head of the cloth industry office, showing the position and influence of the merchants in the cotton cloth industry in Shanghai. Not only during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but even during the Republican period. In this paper, the relationship between Huizhou merchants and Shanghai Cotton Cloth Industry, Wang Kuan-yeh, the merchant merchant closely related to Shanghai Cotton Cloth Industry during the Republican Period, and the status of Shanghai Buye Industrial Office were investigated in detail.