急性肺损伤(ALI)和急性成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是由于肺内皮和上皮细胞损伤所致,伴随有中性粒细胞性肺泡炎、炎症介质的释放、血管和肺泡通透性增加、间质和/或肺泡水肿以及由此引起的肺泡塌陷和动脉低氧血症。常需要用呼吸机来改善气体交换,而机械通气又不可避免地造成肺损伤,包括气胸、肺泡水肿和破裂。除了机械性肺损伤外,许多研究在动物模型和ALI及ARDS患者均证实,采用高潮气量 Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by damage to the lung endothelium and epithelial cells, accompanied by neutrophilic alveolitis, release of inflammatory mediators, increased vascular and alveolar permeability, Interstitial and / or alveolar edema and consequent alveolar collapse and arterial hypoxemia. Ventilators are often needed to improve gas exchange, which inevitably causes lung damage, including pneumothorax, alveolar edema, and rupture. In addition to mechanical lung injury, many studies have confirmed in animal models and patients with ALI and ARDS that high tidal volume