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高考阅卷中的评分基本原则——以要点给分，以语言错误扣分。
书面表达高分六要点：
1.书写规范，卷面整洁；
现在都采取网上阅卷，阅卷老师每人每日工作6~7小时，至少阅卷700篇，平均20~30秒必须阅完一篇，这样就很难做到绝对的公平公正。因此整洁的字迹尤为重要。
2.审题正确，要点齐全；
一旦审题错误，评分时肯定要做降档处理。审题错误包括体裁错误（如要求写书面通知，你写成口头通知），人称错误（如要求以第一人称写，你却通篇用you），时态错误（如汇报意见类文章应用一般现在时，却通篇用过去时），或要点遗漏。如让你发表个人感想，你却只字未提。
要想不遗漏要点，一定要仔细阅读相关要求，尤其是表格中或列出的内容，每点都要有提及（但是并非要你逐字翻译）。
3.布局合理，结构清晰；
合理的布局要包括开头，主体及结尾部分。全文起码分为三段，切忌通篇只有一段。开头可以简短些，开门见山，告诉读者你写的主要内容（文章的中心思想一定要在第一段中体现出来）。主体部分可以是一到三段不等。如果是写正反两方意见的，两段合适。如果需要写自己的意见的，则要在正反方后面再加一段，即主体部分三段。结尾部分是文章的简要总结，可以用一到两句话概况主要意思。
结构清晰则要借助于一些表示顺序的关联词或过渡词了。如主体部分可以用to begin with, to continue with ,to end with将几个重要部分串起来。结尾部分则可以用in a word, in brief, to be short, in conclusion等开头，引出总结。
4.语法正确，标点恰当；
5.句式丰富，词汇高级；
“评分标准”通常将考生的书面表达分为五个档次。
最高档第五档要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较高级词汇所致”。这里说的“高级词汇”，一般指的是大纲中没有列入，但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇。即同样的意思，有不同的表达法。如“建筑”，一般考生会想到build，而construct也有“建筑，建造”的意思，属于高级词汇。或同样的意思，选用短语而不用独个单词，也属于高级词汇。如要表达“游泳”这个意思，可以用swim, 也可以用go swimming这个短语。
但所谓高级词汇并不是所用单词越难越长越好，其特点应该是运用恰当但与众不同。
此外考生可以适当地使用一些复合结构，如定语从句、状语从句、强调句、倒装句、省略句以及分词短语等。
6.连贯流畅，过渡自然。
书面表达对篇章的要求是注意“上下文的连贯性”，“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。这就要求考生恰当运用一些表示并列、转折、递进、让步、因果等意义的连接词语。
常见的连接词和短语有：
1. 表示递进：and, also, besides, in addition, moreover,what's more，even, at the same time, what is worse …
2. 表示转折：but, however, yet,although, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise…
3. 表示原因：because, because of, owing to, on account of, considering, due to
4. 表示结果：so, therefore, thus, as a result, lead to,result in…
5. 表示时间：now, then, afterwards, later, soon, before long, after that, shortly after that, soon after that,up till now, just now, just then, so far …
6. 表示举例、说明：for example, for instance, such as,like, that is to say, actually, according to this, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, and so on…
7. 表示顺序：first, firstly, at first, first of all, second, secondly, finally,at last, in the end …
8. 表示比较、对比：in the same way, on the contrary, on the other hand, more or less, sooner or later, similarly…
9. 表示强调：above all, after all, at least, at most, indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, without any delay, of course ,last but not least, there is no doubt that…
10. 表示结论：in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in conclusion…
2010高考书面表达大盘点
经过对全国各地2010年19份高考试卷的调查分析得出：
书信类：8篇（其中2篇是邮件）
发言稿：4篇（其中1篇是根据图片）
周记：1篇
观点评论：6篇（其中1篇结合图片）
五大黄金模板
一、书信类
高考中的书信类一般都会将开头结尾写好。因此考生只要将中间内容写好就可以了。
一般说来，除了开头结尾，书信也分三段：
Para.1：介绍写信者的身份。如果是熟人，告知近况，简单寒暄。首段结尾提及写信的目的/原因。
Para.2：进入正题。首句最好是主题句，然后层次分明地分别阐述。
Para.3：表示感谢或表达期待回信之意。
常用句型：
（1）I’m Li Hua, Chairperson of the Student Union of … Middle School.
（2）If there is anything we can do for you, please don’t hesitate to let us know.
（3）I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
值得注意的是，高考答题中不能泄漏任何个人信息。要求中都会告诉你是谁，身份是什么，是哪所学校的。即使没有明确说明，也千万不能提及任何地方、学校或个人的信息！
文章模版：
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am（要求的）写信者姓名 from要求中说明的写信者单位或学校 . It’s almost a month since you left us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us. I am writing to tell/ask you 写信目的./ Can you do us/me a favor?/I am writing to complain about the service in your restaurant/ hotel…
As you know, we正文.
Thanks for your kind consideration and I look/am looking forward to receiving/ receive your earliest reply.
Yours Truly/ Sincerely/ With best wishes /Regards/ Take care/ All the best.
（要求的姓名）
二、发言稿
发言稿比书信要简单些。开头和结尾各一两句话就可以了（一般开头的一句话会给出）。中间正文部分一到两段就可以了。关键是调理清楚，言简意赅，上下连贯。
另外，在发言稿的最后要有总结，且一定要简练有力，切中要点。
常用句式：
（1）May I have your attention, please?
（2）The topic of my speech today is…
（3）It’s my great honor to be here to share with you my ideas on…
（4）Thanks for your attention/ Thank you for listening/That’s all. Thank you.
文章模版：
Good morning，everyone/ladies and gentlemen/ boys and girls！May I have your attention, please? I have something important to tell you. /The topic of my speech today is 话题/标题.
As is known to you all, more and more
正 文
.
Thank you for listening./Thanks for your attention.
三、观点评论类
要求学生列举出不同观点及各自理由，并适当表明个人看法。通常用一般现在时。
Para.1 开门见山，引出话题；
常用句型：Recently, many people are greatly concerned about…
Para.2 &3：分别阐述观点并陈述相关理由；
常用句型:
（1）As to the problem, different people have different points of view.
（2）There are different opinions among people as to…Some people suggest that…
（3）When it comes to…, some people think …, However,…
Para.4总结或提出考生个人观点。
常用句型：
（1）In my opinion, it’s necessary/important to…, The reasons are as follows, First …Second …Last but not least,…
（2）Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…
（3）Considering everything, I think/ Taking everything into consideration, I suppose…
文章模板：
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. The opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
A majority of people think that ___观点一______. In their view, there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, thereisnodoubtthat ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat __观点一或二______.Itis not only because ____, but also because ______. The more ______, the more _______.
这类作文还包括正反利弊型的议论文：
要求学生列举出话题的利弊两面、分别论述及总结或表达个人看法。通常用一般现在时。
Para.1亮出话题。
常用句型：It’s becoming more and more common that…
Para.2优点及相关细节描述。
Para.3 缺点及相关细节描述。
常用句型：
（1）Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages．
（2）Everything has two sides and…is not an exception. It has both advantages and disadvantages.
（3）Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.
（4）However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, …also has its own disadvantages, such as …
Para.4 总结或个人看法。
常用句型：
（1）From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ...
（2）In summary, it is wiser…
（3）Personally, I believe that…Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…
文章模板：
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.
Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just as the old saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin/start with, ___缺点一______. To continue with/in addition,____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. Only in that case /way will we make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
四、日记/周记类
一般的日记/周记在第一行要写明年、月、日与星期几，然后要写明当天的天气状况。但是高考中的英语日记或周记一般格式都会提供给考生，因此只要写好正文就可以了。
要写好英语日记或周记，有三点要注意：
首先是时态，一般都用过去式，因为讲述的都是当天（过去）发生过的事情。
其次是人称，主要人称都用第一人称I或者we，因为日记或周记的主人公一般都是作者自己，当然有时会涉及到其它人。如2010年北京卷的作文之一是让考生写一篇周记，记录自己为家人安排北戴河旅游的经历。
最后是体裁：一般为记叙文，或夹叙夹议，要求考生记载发生过的一件留下深刻印象的事情，或者稍加评论。
常用句型：
（1）I had a busy day today. /I had the busiest day in my life today.
（2）I was extremely tired but also happy today because I did something great.
（3）I was highly praised by Grandma Wang yesterday.
（4）What happened today taught me a good lesson.
（5）I felt so frustrated today because of the quarrel with my classmates.
（6）I will try my best to do more for my class/family/friends.
文章模版：
Sunday, March 20th , 2011 Cloudy
（日期，星期几） （天气）
日期也可以写成：
March 20th , 2011Sunday
I feel very happy now because I helped my neighbours this morning. 描述发生的事情
________________________________________________________________________________
When I told my parents after they got back home at supper, they both said high praise of me. They told me how proud they are of me. Now I have made up my mind to do better next time. Only by helping others can we get others’ help when needed. And only by helping each other can we develop a better society.
五、图表类
要求考生根据某个表格或者图片及提示，按照要求写作。通常用一般现在时。
Para.1 说明图表（图画）。
常用句型：
（1）As we can see from the picture（graph）, / As can be seen from the picture(graph), ....
（2）As is described in the above picture, …
（3）There is a picture which is both interesting and instructive. Take a close look at it, and we’ll find…
（4）According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that…, Obviously，but why…?
Para.2 说明引起变化或此现象的原因。
常用句型：
（1）Simply designed as it is, the symbolic / implied meaning / the moral lesson the picture wants to convey to us is…
（2）It is most likely that the drawer of the picture intends not only to tell us the phenomenon / fact, but also to set us thinking more about it…
（3）There are many reasons for …Firstly, …Secondly, …Last but not least, …
Para.3 说明影响或者提出解决办法。
常用句型：
（1）To solve the problem mentioned above, I suggest that …
（2）So it is high time that we took measures / steps / action to put an end to the phenomenon.
文章模板：
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ______图表/画主题______. The first thing we notice is that_____图表/画最大特点_____. This means that as _______, ______进一步说明______.
We can see from the given statistics that _________图表/画细节一______. After V-ing _____（细节一中的第一个变化)____, the ____ V-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)______. The figures also tells us that_____________图表/画细节二____________.（数据位置，如In the second column）, we can see that ____________accounts for _______进一步描述_______.
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___结论___. The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that___给出原因____. / It is high time that we V-ed（发出倡议）.
书面表达高分六要点：
1.书写规范，卷面整洁；
现在都采取网上阅卷，阅卷老师每人每日工作6~7小时，至少阅卷700篇，平均20~30秒必须阅完一篇，这样就很难做到绝对的公平公正。因此整洁的字迹尤为重要。
2.审题正确，要点齐全；
一旦审题错误，评分时肯定要做降档处理。审题错误包括体裁错误（如要求写书面通知，你写成口头通知），人称错误（如要求以第一人称写，你却通篇用you），时态错误（如汇报意见类文章应用一般现在时，却通篇用过去时），或要点遗漏。如让你发表个人感想，你却只字未提。
要想不遗漏要点，一定要仔细阅读相关要求，尤其是表格中或列出的内容，每点都要有提及（但是并非要你逐字翻译）。
3.布局合理，结构清晰；
合理的布局要包括开头，主体及结尾部分。全文起码分为三段，切忌通篇只有一段。开头可以简短些，开门见山，告诉读者你写的主要内容（文章的中心思想一定要在第一段中体现出来）。主体部分可以是一到三段不等。如果是写正反两方意见的，两段合适。如果需要写自己的意见的，则要在正反方后面再加一段，即主体部分三段。结尾部分是文章的简要总结，可以用一到两句话概况主要意思。
结构清晰则要借助于一些表示顺序的关联词或过渡词了。如主体部分可以用to begin with, to continue with ,to end with将几个重要部分串起来。结尾部分则可以用in a word, in brief, to be short, in conclusion等开头，引出总结。
4.语法正确，标点恰当；
5.句式丰富，词汇高级；
“评分标准”通常将考生的书面表达分为五个档次。
最高档第五档要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较高级词汇所致”。这里说的“高级词汇”，一般指的是大纲中没有列入，但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇。即同样的意思，有不同的表达法。如“建筑”，一般考生会想到build，而construct也有“建筑，建造”的意思，属于高级词汇。或同样的意思，选用短语而不用独个单词，也属于高级词汇。如要表达“游泳”这个意思，可以用swim, 也可以用go swimming这个短语。
但所谓高级词汇并不是所用单词越难越长越好，其特点应该是运用恰当但与众不同。
此外考生可以适当地使用一些复合结构，如定语从句、状语从句、强调句、倒装句、省略句以及分词短语等。
6.连贯流畅，过渡自然。
书面表达对篇章的要求是注意“上下文的连贯性”，“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。这就要求考生恰当运用一些表示并列、转折、递进、让步、因果等意义的连接词语。
常见的连接词和短语有：
1. 表示递进：and, also, besides, in addition, moreover,what's more，even, at the same time, what is worse …
2. 表示转折：but, however, yet,although, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise…
3. 表示原因：because, because of, owing to, on account of, considering, due to
4. 表示结果：so, therefore, thus, as a result, lead to,result in…
5. 表示时间：now, then, afterwards, later, soon, before long, after that, shortly after that, soon after that,up till now, just now, just then, so far …
6. 表示举例、说明：for example, for instance, such as,like, that is to say, actually, according to this, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, and so on…
7. 表示顺序：first, firstly, at first, first of all, second, secondly, finally,at last, in the end …
8. 表示比较、对比：in the same way, on the contrary, on the other hand, more or less, sooner or later, similarly…
9. 表示强调：above all, after all, at least, at most, indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, without any delay, of course ,last but not least, there is no doubt that…
10. 表示结论：in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in conclusion…
2010高考书面表达大盘点
经过对全国各地2010年19份高考试卷的调查分析得出：
书信类：8篇（其中2篇是邮件）
发言稿：4篇（其中1篇是根据图片）
周记：1篇
观点评论：6篇（其中1篇结合图片）
五大黄金模板
一、书信类
高考中的书信类一般都会将开头结尾写好。因此考生只要将中间内容写好就可以了。
一般说来，除了开头结尾，书信也分三段：
Para.1：介绍写信者的身份。如果是熟人，告知近况，简单寒暄。首段结尾提及写信的目的/原因。
Para.2：进入正题。首句最好是主题句，然后层次分明地分别阐述。
Para.3：表示感谢或表达期待回信之意。
常用句型：
（1）I’m Li Hua, Chairperson of the Student Union of … Middle School.
（2）If there is anything we can do for you, please don’t hesitate to let us know.
（3）I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
值得注意的是，高考答题中不能泄漏任何个人信息。要求中都会告诉你是谁，身份是什么，是哪所学校的。即使没有明确说明，也千万不能提及任何地方、学校或个人的信息！
文章模版：
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am（要求的）写信者姓名 from要求中说明的写信者单位或学校 . It’s almost a month since you left us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us. I am writing to tell/ask you 写信目的./ Can you do us/me a favor?/I am writing to complain about the service in your restaurant/ hotel…
As you know, we正文.
Thanks for your kind consideration and I look/am looking forward to receiving/ receive your earliest reply.
Yours Truly/ Sincerely/ With best wishes /Regards/ Take care/ All the best.
（要求的姓名）
二、发言稿
发言稿比书信要简单些。开头和结尾各一两句话就可以了（一般开头的一句话会给出）。中间正文部分一到两段就可以了。关键是调理清楚，言简意赅，上下连贯。
另外，在发言稿的最后要有总结，且一定要简练有力，切中要点。
常用句式：
（1）May I have your attention, please?
（2）The topic of my speech today is…
（3）It’s my great honor to be here to share with you my ideas on…
（4）Thanks for your attention/ Thank you for listening/That’s all. Thank you.
文章模版：
Good morning，everyone/ladies and gentlemen/ boys and girls！May I have your attention, please? I have something important to tell you. /The topic of my speech today is 话题/标题.
As is known to you all, more and more
正 文
.
Thank you for listening./Thanks for your attention.
三、观点评论类
要求学生列举出不同观点及各自理由，并适当表明个人看法。通常用一般现在时。
Para.1 开门见山，引出话题；
常用句型：Recently, many people are greatly concerned about…
Para.2 &3：分别阐述观点并陈述相关理由；
常用句型:
（1）As to the problem, different people have different points of view.
（2）There are different opinions among people as to…Some people suggest that…
（3）When it comes to…, some people think …, However,…
Para.4总结或提出考生个人观点。
常用句型：
（1）In my opinion, it’s necessary/important to…, The reasons are as follows, First …Second …Last but not least,…
（2）Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…
（3）Considering everything, I think/ Taking everything into consideration, I suppose…
文章模板：
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. The opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
A majority of people think that ___观点一______. In their view, there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, thereisnodoubtthat ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat __观点一或二______.Itis not only because ____, but also because ______. The more ______, the more _______.
这类作文还包括正反利弊型的议论文：
要求学生列举出话题的利弊两面、分别论述及总结或表达个人看法。通常用一般现在时。
Para.1亮出话题。
常用句型：It’s becoming more and more common that…
Para.2优点及相关细节描述。
Para.3 缺点及相关细节描述。
常用句型：
（1）Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages．
（2）Everything has two sides and…is not an exception. It has both advantages and disadvantages.
（3）Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.
（4）However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, …also has its own disadvantages, such as …
Para.4 总结或个人看法。
常用句型：
（1）From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ...
（2）In summary, it is wiser…
（3）Personally, I believe that…Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…
文章模板：
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.
Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just as the old saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin/start with, ___缺点一______. To continue with/in addition,____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. Only in that case /way will we make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
四、日记/周记类
一般的日记/周记在第一行要写明年、月、日与星期几，然后要写明当天的天气状况。但是高考中的英语日记或周记一般格式都会提供给考生，因此只要写好正文就可以了。
要写好英语日记或周记，有三点要注意：
首先是时态，一般都用过去式，因为讲述的都是当天（过去）发生过的事情。
其次是人称，主要人称都用第一人称I或者we，因为日记或周记的主人公一般都是作者自己，当然有时会涉及到其它人。如2010年北京卷的作文之一是让考生写一篇周记，记录自己为家人安排北戴河旅游的经历。
最后是体裁：一般为记叙文，或夹叙夹议，要求考生记载发生过的一件留下深刻印象的事情，或者稍加评论。
常用句型：
（1）I had a busy day today. /I had the busiest day in my life today.
（2）I was extremely tired but also happy today because I did something great.
（3）I was highly praised by Grandma Wang yesterday.
（4）What happened today taught me a good lesson.
（5）I felt so frustrated today because of the quarrel with my classmates.
（6）I will try my best to do more for my class/family/friends.
文章模版：
Sunday, March 20th , 2011 Cloudy
（日期，星期几） （天气）
日期也可以写成：
March 20th , 2011Sunday
I feel very happy now because I helped my neighbours this morning. 描述发生的事情
________________________________________________________________________________
When I told my parents after they got back home at supper, they both said high praise of me. They told me how proud they are of me. Now I have made up my mind to do better next time. Only by helping others can we get others’ help when needed. And only by helping each other can we develop a better society.
五、图表类
要求考生根据某个表格或者图片及提示，按照要求写作。通常用一般现在时。
Para.1 说明图表（图画）。
常用句型：
（1）As we can see from the picture（graph）, / As can be seen from the picture(graph), ....
（2）As is described in the above picture, …
（3）There is a picture which is both interesting and instructive. Take a close look at it, and we’ll find…
（4）According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that…, Obviously，but why…?
Para.2 说明引起变化或此现象的原因。
常用句型：
（1）Simply designed as it is, the symbolic / implied meaning / the moral lesson the picture wants to convey to us is…
（2）It is most likely that the drawer of the picture intends not only to tell us the phenomenon / fact, but also to set us thinking more about it…
（3）There are many reasons for …Firstly, …Secondly, …Last but not least, …
Para.3 说明影响或者提出解决办法。
常用句型：
（1）To solve the problem mentioned above, I suggest that …
（2）So it is high time that we took measures / steps / action to put an end to the phenomenon.
文章模板：
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ______图表/画主题______. The first thing we notice is that_____图表/画最大特点_____. This means that as _______, ______进一步说明______.
We can see from the given statistics that _________图表/画细节一______. After V-ing _____（细节一中的第一个变化)____, the ____ V-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)______. The figures also tells us that_____________图表/画细节二____________.（数据位置，如In the second column）, we can see that ____________accounts for _______进一步描述_______.
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___结论___. The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that___给出原因____. / It is high time that we V-ed（发出倡议）.