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学生的智力与能力的发展和培养,其基础是学习,正确地解决学习问题,具有十分重大的意义。但迄今为止,在学习这个问题上仍然众说纷坛,这些见解归纳起来,主要有“刺激反应学说”、“认知联结学说”、“认知结构学说”、“社会历史文化学说”等。现在对它们逐一加以分析和评论,最后谈谈自己的一孔之见。有关学习的理论刺激反应学说 刺激反应学说的学习理论认为,所有的学习都是刺激反应联结形成的结果,学习发生的原因在于外部强化,主张研究学习就在于研究外部条件。美国心理学家桑代克（E.L.Thornd i ke1874——1949）认为学习的实质在于形成情景与反应之间的联结（connection）,以“S”、“R”作为情景和反应的符号,用“～”作为引起或导致的符号,联结公式为:S～R。联结是本能的结合,它不是个体在生活、学习过程中重新建立起来的,
The development and cultivation of students’ intelligence and abilities is based on learning and solving the learning problems correctly. It is of great significance. However, up to now, there are still numerous forums on this issue of learning. These opinions are summed up mainly in the following aspects: “stimulus response theory”, “cognitive linking theory”, “cognitive structure theory” and “social history and culture theory.” Now analyze and comment on them one by one, and finally talk about my own opinion. Theory of learning to stimulate theory of stimulus Response theory of stimulus theory of learning that all learning is to stimulate the formation of the reaction response, learning occurs because of external strengthening, advocating research and study lies in the study of external conditions. The American psychologist EL Thornd i ke1874-1949 argues that the essence of learning is to form a connection between context and reaction. Use “S” and “R” as symbols of situations and reactions, ~ "As a symbol caused or caused, the connection formula is: S ~ R. Connection is instinctive combination, it is not an individual in life, learning process re-established,