自1969年苏联地震学家在中亚加尔姆地区发现一系列地震前波速比的有规律变化后,美国、苏联、日本和中国地震学者先后提出了各种类型的膨胀——扩散模式来解释震前波速比的异常以及其它前兆现象。但是,有些震例没有波速比异常。有些大震震前呈大面积隆起和呈各种形态的形变;同时,地热升高,地下水位及水质的变化,水氡的升高与降低,重磁电 Seismologists from the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and China have successively proposed various types of expansion-diffusion models to explain earthquakes since the Soviet seismologists discovered a series of regular changes in the SOP before the earthquake in Central Asia in 1969 Anomalies of the ante-velocities and other precursors. However, some cases do not have an anomalous wave speed ratio. Some large earthquakes before the earthquake was a large area uplift and showed various forms of deformation; the same time, increased geothermal, groundwater levels and water quality changes, water radon rise and fall, heavy magnetic