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水稻既是重要的粮食作物和基础研究的模式植物,也是杂种优势利用的成功典范。尽管杂种优势的利用在解决世界粮食安全问题上已做出重大的贡献,但杂种优势的分子机制在生物学和农学的基础研究中依然是一个有待阐明的重要课题。本研究利用水稻全基因组芯片,系统考察了超级杂交稻“两优培九”及其双亲——“培矮64s”(母本)和“93-11”(父本)在7个不同发育时期的组织中的基因表达谱,旨在揭示杂种一代(F1)与亲本的基因表达差异,并从中发现可能与杂种优势相关的基因。实验结果表明,从转录谱来看,杂种F1与亲本间的相似性大于亲本之间的相似性;在发现的3000多个杂种和亲本间差异表达的基因中,有各种不同的差异表达类型,多数是偏于单亲的显性表达,但也有只在杂种中出现的超亲表达。对差异表达基因的功能分类表明,虽然差异表达基因涉及诸多功能类群,但在少数功能类群(如能量代谢、碳水化合物代谢、转运等)中有明显的富集。对差异表达基因的基因组位置与产量相关的QTL(数量性状位点)进行关联分析的结果表明,差异表达基因在水稻基因组中的分布与QTL、尤其是与小区间的QTL有密切的关联;值得注意的是,部分落在QTL上的差异表达基因的功能注释有助于解释与QTL对应的体现杂种优势的农艺性状。
Rice is not only a model plant for important food crops and basic research, but also a successful example of heterosis utilization. Although the utilization of heterosis has made a significant contribution to the solution of world food security, the molecular mechanism of heterosis remains an important issue to be elucidated in the basic research of biology and agronomy. In this study, the genome-wide rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome was used to investigate the effects of super hybrid rice “Liangyoupeijiu” and its parents “Pei’ai 64s” (female parent) and “93-11” Gene expression profiling in tissues at different developmental stages aims to reveal differences in gene expression between the F1 generation and the parents and to identify genes that may be related to heterosis. The experimental results showed that the similarities between F1 and parents were greater than those between parents in the transcriptional spectrum. Among the more than 3000 hybrids and their parents, there were different types of differentially expressed genes , Most are partial dominant expression, but there are only appeared in the hybrid super-parental expression. The functional classification of differentially expressed genes showed that although the differentially expressed genes involved in many functional groups, they were significantly enriched in a few functional groups (such as energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, transport, etc.). Correlation analysis of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) related to genomic location and yield of differentially expressed genes showed that the distribution of differentially expressed genes in rice genome was closely related to QTLs, especially to inter-region QTLs; it was worth Note that functional annotations of differentially expressed genes that partially fall on QTL help explain the agronomic traits that correspond to QTLs that reflect heterosis.