疾病多是由某种功能异常而来,其主要原因在神经系统的,我们称之为神经疾病。但即使是神经疾病,其背景中也有机体所有功能的原因,包括血液循环、代谢、营养、内分泌等的异常和外源性感染、中毒等,而不仅仅是神经系统的疾病。临床医生如果不熟悉这些,则很难正确诊断而常常需要其他领域的专家协助。较轻的糖尿病被忽视时,就不会弄清神经疾病的原因而将患者的烦躁不安归结为甲亢。因此,对精神症状也必须重视。我们有很多办法能查清神经系统疾病,但首先应该是详细地进行临床观察。熟练的临床医生根据患者来诊时的表情、步态、就座姿势就能够作出大概的诊断。在检查前采取病历也非常重要,可以了解家族中 Diseases are mostly caused by some kind of dysfunction, the main reason is in the nervous system, which we call neurological diseases. But even neurological diseases have all the causes of the body’s function in the background, including abnormalities and exogenous infections such as blood circulation, metabolism, nutrition, endocrine, and so on, and not just diseases of the nervous system. Clinicians, if not familiar with them, find it difficult to diagnose correctly and often require expert assistance from other areas. Lighter diabetes is neglected, it will not understand the causes of neurological disorders and the patient’s irritability boils down to hyperthyroidism. Therefore, mental symptoms must also be taken seriously. We have a lot of ways to find out the nervous system diseases, but first of all we should conduct a detailed clinical observation. A skilled clinician can make a rough diagnosis based on the patient’s facial expressions, gait, and sitting posture. It is also important to take the medical records before the exam to understand the family