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为了提高玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料(GF/PP)的阻燃性能,通过在蒙脱土(MMT)悬浮液中进行三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)分子自组装制备了新型协效成炭剂MCA-MMT,并采用FTIR、XRD、SEM和TGA对MCA-MMT的结构及热性能进行了表征;将MCA-MMT、无卤膨胀型阻燃剂与GF/PP熔融共混制备了阻燃复合材料MCA-MMT/(GF/PP),通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧试验和锥形量热测试研究了MCAMMT对GF/PP的阻燃效果和阻燃机制,并测试了复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:MMT的加入会影响氰尿酸和三聚氰胺在MCA合成过程中的氢键作用,干扰和抑制大平面氢键网络的形成,减少MCA氢键复合体的分子体积,使颗粒变小。MCA-MMT/(GF/PP)的UL-94防火等级达到V-0级,LOI为31.3%。MCA-MMT的阻燃效率高于传统MCA的,可降低材料燃烧的热释放程度和总烟释放量,使复合材料的阻燃性能提高,其阻燃机制为片层结构的MMT可提高MCA的成炭量,使MCA-MMT/(GF/PP)燃烧后能形成致密的残留炭层。MCA-MMT/(GF/PP)的拉伸、冲击强度与MCA/(GF/PP)的相比并未下降。
In order to improve the flame retardancy of glass fiber (GF) -reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (GF / PP), the melamine cyanurate (MCA) molecules were self-assembled in montmorillonite (MMT) MMT and MCA-MMT were investigated. The structure and thermal properties of MCA-MMT were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. MCA-MMT and non-halogen intumescent flame retardant were melted with GF / PP Flame retardant composites MCA-MMT / (GF / PP) were prepared by flame retardancy test. The flame retardancy and flame retardancy of MCAMMT against GF / PP were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test The mechanical properties of the composites were tested. The results showed that the addition of MMT affected the hydrogen bonding between cyanuric acid and melamine during the synthesis of MCA, interfered with and inhibited the formation of large-scale hydrogen bonding network, and reduced the molecular volume of MCA hydrogen bonding complex, resulting in smaller particles. The UL-94 fire rating of MCA-MMT / (GF / PP) reached V-0 with a LOI of 31.3%. The flame retardant efficiency of MCA-MMT is higher than the traditional MCA, which can reduce the degree of heat release and the total amount of smoke released by the material, so as to improve the flame retardancy of the composite. The flame retardant mechanism is that the MMT with a lamellar structure can improve the MCA Carbon formation, so that the combustion of MCA-MMT / (GF / PP) to form a dense residual carbon layer. The tensile and impact strength of MCA-MMT / (GF / PP) did not decrease as compared with that of MCA / (GF / PP).