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培养道德能力是现代中学德育的重要内容。道德能力是直接影响人们解决道德问题与从事道德活动的速度、质量、难易等方面的品德心理特征。中学生道德能力体系可以从道德认识、道德情感、道德意志和道德行为四个层面来建构。我们认为,认知层面的道德能力包括道德认识能力、道德判断能力、道德批判能力、道德直觉能力和道德评价能力。情感层面上的道德能力包括道德体验能力、道德移情能力和道德审美能力。意志层面上的道德能力包括道德决策能力、道德选择能力、道德控制能力和挫折容忍能力。行为层面上的道德能力包括道德意应能力、道德创造能力、道德自我教育能力和道德习惯。中学德育应加强对中学生道德能力的培养。
Cultivating moral ability is an important part of moral education in modern middle school. Moral ability is a psychological characteristic of moral character that directly affects people’s speed, quality and difficulty in solving moral problems and engaging in ethical activities. The system of moral ability of middle school students can be constructed from four aspects: moral understanding, moral emotion, moral will and moral behavior. In our opinion, the moral competence at the cognitive level includes the ability of moral cognition, moral judgment, moral criticism, moral intuition and moral evaluation. Emotional moral capabilities include moral experience ability, moral empathy ability and moral aesthetic ability. The moral capacity at the will level includes moral decision-making ability, moral choice ability, moral control ability and frustration tolerance. Ethical competence at the behavioral level includes moral ability to respond, moral ability to create, moral self-education and moral habits. Moral Education in Middle Schools Should Strengthen the Cultivation of Moral Ability of Middle School Students.