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[摘要] 目的 評价多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)对肠系膜下动脉(IMA)和Riolan动脉弓的显示能力,探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术前了解IMA和Riolan动脉弓的三维影像解剖特点对手术的意义。 方法 收集2017年1月至2020年6月在大连大学附属新华医院行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,并且术前行肠系膜动脉MSCTA的患者72例。采用薄层最大密度投影(TSMIP)、容积再现(VR)后处理技术对IMA及其分支、Riolan动脉弓的交通支进行重组,观察IMA的分型及Riolan动脉弓的显示情况,测量Riolan动脉弓直径;将术前IMA的分型与术中观察结果进行比较。 结果 术前MSCTA显示IMA-Ⅰ型47例(65.28%),IMA-Ⅱ型12例(16.67%),IMA-Ⅲ型13例(18.06%),IMA-Ⅳ型0例。IMA-Ⅰ、IMA-Ⅱ、IMA-Ⅲ型的诊断准确率分别为100.00%(72/72)、94.44%(68/72)、94.44%(68/72),灵敏度分别为100.00%(47/47)、100.00%(8/8)、76.47%(13/17),特异性分别为100.00%(25/25)、93.75%(60/64)、100.00%(55/55)。术前MSCTA与术中观察对IMA分型的一致性较好(K=0.892,P=0.000)。Riolan动脉弓在TSMIP图像上完整显示13例,平均直径为(1.50±0.20)mm,不完整显示18例。VR不能显示动脉弓吻合部。 结论 术前MSCTA能很好地显示IMA及Riolan动脉弓的解剖结构,可为临床治疗方案的制定提供参考依据。
[关键词] 肠系膜下动脉;Riolan动脉弓;MSCTA;腹腔镜直肠癌根治术
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the ability of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA) to display the inferior mesenteric artery(IMA) and Riolan arterial arch and to explore the significance of understanding the three-dimensional image anatomy characteristics of IMA and Riolan′s arterial arch before laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Methods A total of 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and preoperative mesenteric artery MSCTA in Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected. The IMA and its branches,and the communicating branch of Riolan′s arterial arch were reorganized with thin-layer maximum intensity projection(TSMIP) and volume rendering(VR) post-processing techniques. The classification of IMA and the display of Riolan′s arterial arch were observed. The diameter of Riolan′s arterial arch was measured.The preoperative IMA classification was compared with the intraoperative observation. Results Preoperative MSCTA showed 47 cases(65.28%) of IMA-Ⅰ type, 12 cases(16.67%) of IMA-Ⅱ type, 13 cases(18.06%) of IMA-Ⅲ type, and 0 cases of IMA-IV type. The diagnostic accuracy rates of IMA-Ⅰ, IMA -Ⅱ,and IMA -Ⅲ were 100.00%(72/72),94.44%(68/72),94.44%(68/72), and the sensitivity was 100.00%(47/47), 100.00%(8/8), 76.47%(13/17), and the specificity was 100.00%(25/25), 93.8%(60/64), 100.00%(55/55), respectively. The preoperative MSCTA and intraoperative observation had good consistency in IMA classification(K=0.892, P=0.000).The Riolan arterial arch was completely displayed on the TSMIP image in 13 cases, with an average diameter of(1.50±0.20)mm, and 18 cases were incompletely displayed. VR cannot display the arterial arch anastomosis. Conclusion Preoperative MSCTA can well display the anatomical structure of IMA and Riolan′s arterial arch, which can provide a reference for the formulation of clinical treatment plans. [Key words] Inferior mesenteric artery; Riolan arterial arch; MSCTA; Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer
直肠癌根治术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄是其常见的并发症。近年来根据肠系膜下动脉(Inferior mesenteric artery,IMA)的分型、Riolan动脉弓是否存在来选择IMA的结扎部位以及是否保留左结肠动脉,以减少吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄的发生率的研究逐渐增多[1-3]。但受IMA变异多,Riolan动脉弓是肠系膜上动脉(Superior mesenteric artery,SMA)和IMA间吻合支的影响,腹腔镜术中观察判断有很大的难度。多层螺旋CT血管成像(Multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)是当前运用于血管解剖观察与研究的新方法[4]。本研究通过术前行肠系膜动脉MSCTA,来明确IMA及Riolan动脉弓的解剖结构,旨在为临床治疗方案的制定提供参考依据,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
收集2017年1月至2020年6月在我院行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,并且术前行肠系膜动脉MSCTA的患者72例。其中男48例,女24例,年龄40~84岁,平均(66.40±10.90)岁。纳入标准:①年龄40~84岁;②行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术;③临床资料完整。排除标准:①甲状腺功能亢进未行治疗者、既往有碘过敏病史者、肾功能不全者[5];②既往有重大腹部手术病史。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法
采用Siemens公司SOMATOM Definition 128层螺旋CT扫描仪,管电压120 KV,管电流100~250 mAs,螺距0.6,转速为1转/0.5 s,扫描层厚1 mm,重建層厚1 mm,重建间隔1 mm。采用非离子型对比剂(碘海醇,300 mgI/mL,2.5 mL/kg),经肘静脉高压团注,流速为3.5~4.0 mL/s,之后以同样流速追加生理盐水30 mL冲管。所有病例均行动脉期扫描,深吸气后屏气扫描,利用对比剂智能追踪技术启动动脉期扫描,标定膈顶层面主动脉为靶血管,感兴趣区大小为60%主动脉面积,避开血管钙化,增强触发阈值为150 HU,延迟8 s自动启动扫描,扫描范围自膈顶至耻骨联合。
在Siemens syngo CT工作站上,用软组织算法,对原始图像分别采用容积再现法(Volum e rendering,VR)、薄层最大密度投影法(Thin slib maximum intensity projection,TSMIP)对SMA、IMA、结肠中动脉(Middle colon artery,MCA)、左结肠动脉(Left colon artery,LCA)、乙状结肠动脉(Sigmoid artery,SA)、直肠上动脉(Superior rectal artery,SRA)及Riolan动脉弓进行重组。
1.3 观察指标
判断IMA的分型并与术中观察结果比较。分析IMA各型的诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异性。IMA分型采用Murono[6]分型法,分为4型,Ⅰ型为直乙共干型,LCA先分出,SA与SRA共干分出;Ⅱ型为左乙共干型,IMA先分出一支,为LCA与SA的共干支;Ⅲ型为全共干型,LCA、SA、SRA于同一点分出;Ⅳ型为无左型,缺少LCA。公式:准确率=(真阳性例数 真阴性例数)/总例数×100%;灵敏度=真阳性例数/(真阳性例数 假阴性例数)×100%;特异性=真阴性例数/(真阴性例数 假阳性例数)×100%。
判断Riolan动脉弓是否显示,Riolan动脉弓为MCA与LCA之间的交通支[7]。观察Riolan动脉弓吻合部的状态,并测量其血管直径。
IMA分型及Riolan动脉弓的判断由2名有经验的放射科医生共同进行,意见不一致时协商达成一致。
1.4 统计学处理
采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件处理数据。术前MSCTA和术中观察对IMA分型的比较采用Kappa一致性检验。一致性系数K的取值在0~1之间,K≥0.75两者一致性较好,0.75
[关键词] 肠系膜下动脉;Riolan动脉弓;MSCTA;腹腔镜直肠癌根治术
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the ability of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA) to display the inferior mesenteric artery(IMA) and Riolan arterial arch and to explore the significance of understanding the three-dimensional image anatomy characteristics of IMA and Riolan′s arterial arch before laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Methods A total of 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and preoperative mesenteric artery MSCTA in Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected. The IMA and its branches,and the communicating branch of Riolan′s arterial arch were reorganized with thin-layer maximum intensity projection(TSMIP) and volume rendering(VR) post-processing techniques. The classification of IMA and the display of Riolan′s arterial arch were observed. The diameter of Riolan′s arterial arch was measured.The preoperative IMA classification was compared with the intraoperative observation. Results Preoperative MSCTA showed 47 cases(65.28%) of IMA-Ⅰ type, 12 cases(16.67%) of IMA-Ⅱ type, 13 cases(18.06%) of IMA-Ⅲ type, and 0 cases of IMA-IV type. The diagnostic accuracy rates of IMA-Ⅰ, IMA -Ⅱ,and IMA -Ⅲ were 100.00%(72/72),94.44%(68/72),94.44%(68/72), and the sensitivity was 100.00%(47/47), 100.00%(8/8), 76.47%(13/17), and the specificity was 100.00%(25/25), 93.8%(60/64), 100.00%(55/55), respectively. The preoperative MSCTA and intraoperative observation had good consistency in IMA classification(K=0.892, P=0.000).The Riolan arterial arch was completely displayed on the TSMIP image in 13 cases, with an average diameter of(1.50±0.20)mm, and 18 cases were incompletely displayed. VR cannot display the arterial arch anastomosis. Conclusion Preoperative MSCTA can well display the anatomical structure of IMA and Riolan′s arterial arch, which can provide a reference for the formulation of clinical treatment plans. [Key words] Inferior mesenteric artery; Riolan arterial arch; MSCTA; Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer
直肠癌根治术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄是其常见的并发症。近年来根据肠系膜下动脉(Inferior mesenteric artery,IMA)的分型、Riolan动脉弓是否存在来选择IMA的结扎部位以及是否保留左结肠动脉,以减少吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄的发生率的研究逐渐增多[1-3]。但受IMA变异多,Riolan动脉弓是肠系膜上动脉(Superior mesenteric artery,SMA)和IMA间吻合支的影响,腹腔镜术中观察判断有很大的难度。多层螺旋CT血管成像(Multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)是当前运用于血管解剖观察与研究的新方法[4]。本研究通过术前行肠系膜动脉MSCTA,来明确IMA及Riolan动脉弓的解剖结构,旨在为临床治疗方案的制定提供参考依据,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
收集2017年1月至2020年6月在我院行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,并且术前行肠系膜动脉MSCTA的患者72例。其中男48例,女24例,年龄40~84岁,平均(66.40±10.90)岁。纳入标准:①年龄40~84岁;②行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术;③临床资料完整。排除标准:①甲状腺功能亢进未行治疗者、既往有碘过敏病史者、肾功能不全者[5];②既往有重大腹部手术病史。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法
采用Siemens公司SOMATOM Definition 128层螺旋CT扫描仪,管电压120 KV,管电流100~250 mAs,螺距0.6,转速为1转/0.5 s,扫描层厚1 mm,重建層厚1 mm,重建间隔1 mm。采用非离子型对比剂(碘海醇,300 mgI/mL,2.5 mL/kg),经肘静脉高压团注,流速为3.5~4.0 mL/s,之后以同样流速追加生理盐水30 mL冲管。所有病例均行动脉期扫描,深吸气后屏气扫描,利用对比剂智能追踪技术启动动脉期扫描,标定膈顶层面主动脉为靶血管,感兴趣区大小为60%主动脉面积,避开血管钙化,增强触发阈值为150 HU,延迟8 s自动启动扫描,扫描范围自膈顶至耻骨联合。
在Siemens syngo CT工作站上,用软组织算法,对原始图像分别采用容积再现法(Volum e rendering,VR)、薄层最大密度投影法(Thin slib maximum intensity projection,TSMIP)对SMA、IMA、结肠中动脉(Middle colon artery,MCA)、左结肠动脉(Left colon artery,LCA)、乙状结肠动脉(Sigmoid artery,SA)、直肠上动脉(Superior rectal artery,SRA)及Riolan动脉弓进行重组。
1.3 观察指标
判断IMA的分型并与术中观察结果比较。分析IMA各型的诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异性。IMA分型采用Murono[6]分型法,分为4型,Ⅰ型为直乙共干型,LCA先分出,SA与SRA共干分出;Ⅱ型为左乙共干型,IMA先分出一支,为LCA与SA的共干支;Ⅲ型为全共干型,LCA、SA、SRA于同一点分出;Ⅳ型为无左型,缺少LCA。公式:准确率=(真阳性例数 真阴性例数)/总例数×100%;灵敏度=真阳性例数/(真阳性例数 假阴性例数)×100%;特异性=真阴性例数/(真阴性例数 假阳性例数)×100%。
判断Riolan动脉弓是否显示,Riolan动脉弓为MCA与LCA之间的交通支[7]。观察Riolan动脉弓吻合部的状态,并测量其血管直径。
IMA分型及Riolan动脉弓的判断由2名有经验的放射科医生共同进行,意见不一致时协商达成一致。
1.4 统计学处理
采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件处理数据。术前MSCTA和术中观察对IMA分型的比较采用Kappa一致性检验。一致性系数K的取值在0~1之间,K≥0.75两者一致性较好,0.75