在经历了漫长的农业经济时代以后,约于200年前,人类开始步入工业经济时代,今天,人类正迈向知识经济时代。知识经济是以知识为基础的经济,这种经济直接依赖于知识和信息的生产、扩散和应用。在农业经济时代,竞争优势来自土地、自然资源、安全和人口的多少;在工业经济时代,竞争优势决定于劳动力、工程技巧、资本和市场进入;在知识经济时代,竞争优势源自知识、技能、创新和持续的学习。二次世界大战以来的数十年可以说是工业经济的鼎盛时期。70年代开始的信息技术革命,既推进了工业经济的发展,也预示着一个全新经济时代的来临。90年代以来,以信息和通信产业为代表的知识型产业成为发达国家的主要经济增长点。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)在其1996年发表的《以知识为基础的经济》报告中指出,以知识为基础的经济已经占其主要成员国国内生产总值的50%以上。人们有理由认为,70～90年代可能是发达国家从工业经济向知识经济转移的过渡时期。本 After a long agricultural economy era, about 200 years ago, mankind began to enter the era of industrial economy. Today, mankind is moving towards an era of knowledge economy. Knowledge economy is a knowledge-based economy, which depends directly on the production, diffusion and application of knowledge and information. In the era of agricultural economy, the competitive advantage comes from the land, natural resources, safety and population. In the era of industrial economy, competitive advantage depends on labor force, engineering skills, capital and market access. In the era of knowledge economy, competitive advantage comes from knowledge and skills , Innovative and continuous learning. Decades since the Second World War can be said to be the heyday of the industrial economy. The information technology revolution started in the 1970s not only promoted the development of industrial economy but also heralded the advent of a new economic era. Since the 1990s, the knowledge-based industries represented by the information and communications industry have become the major economic growth points for the developed countries. In its 1996 report, Knowledge-based Economy, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) pointed out that the knowledge-based economy already accounts for more than 50% of its major member countries’ GDP. People have reason to think that the 70s-90s may be the transitional period for developed countries from industrial economy to knowledge-based economy. this