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风险预防原则是用科学的方法对事物进行预测,它在环境法的主要作用是对环境中存在不确定因素进行预测,如环境的风险、保护环境的重要原则和保护人类的生存环境等。风险预防原则作为一项基本原则被运用在许多国家中,并在国际环境公约中得到了广泛的应用。目前,一方面我国积极参与探讨风险预防原则在国际法律文件的设立,另一方面国内的法律、法规和规章制度也在一定程度上体现风险预防原则的精神,但是从整体来看,我国在风险预防原则上的法律并不完善,仍存在很多不足。本文从风险预防原则在国际和国内法律中现存的状况入手,分析其在环境法中的适用情况,并提出完善的对策。
The principle of risk prevention is to predict things by a scientific method. Its main role in environmental law is to predict the existence of uncertainties in the environment, such as environmental risks, important principles of environmental protection and the protection of human beings’ living environment. The principle of risk prevention is used as a basic principle in many countries and has been widely used in international environmental conventions. At present, on the one hand, China actively participates in exploring the establishment of international legal documents on the principle of risk prevention; on the other hand, domestic laws, rules and regulations also reflect the principle of risk prevention to a certain extent. However, as a whole, The laws in precautionary principle are not perfect and there are still many deficiencies. This article starts with the existing principle of risk prevention in the international and domestic laws, analyzes its application in environmental law and proposes a perfect countermeasure.