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一、引言1840年高斯用线性变换原理建立了理想光学系统理论。这样,任何一个实际光学系统。无论是简单的还是复杂的,无论其具体结构如何,都可以用两个主平面和两个焦距(或焦点位置)表示。当主平面和焦点的空间位置确定后,就可以通过简单的几何方法由物的位置找到它的理想象的位置(用其大小,位置和方向表示)。高斯理论的实质是线性变换理论,即将光学系统看成是几何的线性变换器。“变换”这个科学的抽象表示人们对光学系统认识的深化。平面镜系(由平面镜及能展开成平行平板玻璃的反射棱镜组成)作为光学系统的特殊部分不仅符合一般线性变换的规律,还有其特殊的规律,即变换前后物象的大小永远不变。所以它是一种特殊的线性变换器,即正交线性变
I. INTRODUCTION In 1840 Gauss established the ideal optical system theory with the principle of linear transformation. In this way, any one of the actual optical system. Either simple or complex, regardless of its specific structure, it can be represented by two main planes and two focal lengths (or focal positions). After the spatial positions of the main plane and the focal point are determined, the position (in terms of its size, position and orientation) of its ideal image can be found by the geometric position of the object by a simple geometric method. The essence of Gaussian theory is linear transformation theory, that is, the optical system as a geometric linear converter. The scientific abstraction of “transformation” represents the deepening of people’s understanding of the optical system. As a special part of the optical system, the plane mirror system (consisting of a plane mirror and a reflecting prism that can be expanded into a parallel plate glass) not only conforms to the law of general linear transformation but also has its special law that the size of an object before and after transformation never changes. So it is a special kind of linear converter, that is, orthogonal linearity