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提出利用超声喷丸处理(USPT)矫正焊接失稳变形的方法。应用X射线衍射仪测量喷丸区域厚度方向的残余应力分布。应用扫描电镜(SEM)分析USPT处理后试样的显微结构。测量了超声喷丸处理之前焊接接头不同区域和喷丸处理之后焊缝厚度方向的显微维氏硬度。试验结果表明5A06铝合金对接接头的焊接失稳变形经超声喷丸处理后基本得到矫正,平均矫正率达到90.8%。而且由于加工硬化,超声喷丸处理使试样得到强化。喷丸区域的显微结构得到改善并且析出物和晶粒的分布呈现明显的取向性。
A method to correct the instability of welding by ultrasonic peening (USPT) was proposed. The residual stress distribution in the thickness direction of shot peening zone was measured by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure of the sample after USPT treatment was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micro-Vickers hardness of the weld joint in different areas before the shot peening and after the shot peening was measured. The test results show that the welded instability deformation of 5A06 aluminum alloy butt joint has basically been corrected by ultrasonic peening, with an average correction rate of 90.8%. And due to work hardening, ultrasonic peening to strengthen the specimen. The microstructure of the shot peening area is improved and the distribution of precipitates and grains show a clear orientation.