心脏受自主神经包括迷走神经和交感神经的双重支配，近年来的实验及临床研究提示，其在心房颤动(房颤)的发生、发展及维持中起重要作用，房颤发生后的电重构和结构重构促使其自身的维持和复发。其作用机制与其末梢释放神经递质作用于心肌细胞膜上的受体，进而影响心房肌细胞膜上钾、钠及钙等多种离子通道的活动，致使心电生理功能紊乱有关。“,”Cardiac autonomic nervous system includes the double control of vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve. Recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation( AF) . Electrical and structural remodeling after AF prompts its maintaining and recurrence. The mechanisms may be related to the neurotransmitters released by nerve endings acting on myocardial cell membrane receptors, thereby affecting the activity of potassium, sodium and calcium and other ion channels on the cardiac cell membrane, resulting in ECG physiological function disorder.