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大明湖南门路南有一池百花洲,百花洲往南有一座百花桥,桥面不宽,桥以百花洲而得名。小桥东侧的东西街明代以前叫百花桥街,街因百花桥而名。这条街北靠大明湖,南临德王府,西接文庙、贡院,东通县学、县署,始建于唐代的福慧禅林院、济南府最大的关帝庙和独具西洋风格的基督教堂都在此处。明朝至民国时期,这里摩肩接踵,一片繁华,是一条商居混杂又颇具文化内涵的街巷。
明朝天顺元年(1457年),英宗皇帝朱祁镇封其次子朱见 为德王,封地原在德州,成化二年(1466年)改选济南珍珠泉畔的张舍人园子修建德王府。第二年朱见 来济南就藩,在此共传袭了7代,其子孙先后有15人受封为郡王。当时的德王府规模巨大,“居全城中,占城三分之一”,“宫内殿宇鳞次,堂阁栉比”。后来济南人一度称此处为“德藩故宫”。
德王府的北门正式名称为广智门,但依照元明时的惯例,王府的北门一般也叫做后宰门或者厚载门。德王府建成后不久,有着美丽名字的百花桥街就被改称为了无生气的“厚载门街”。后又回归成了“后宰门”,并约定俗成直到如今。
已故曲艺家、作家陶钝笔下对80多年前后宰门街一带的描写中提到了“酱园”:街上也有熟肉铺、酱园,可以顺便买点菜来⋯⋯此处的“酱园”则是指当时济南最大的酱园——远兴斋酱园。酱园主人是章丘东北乡人,姓李,远兴斋是其在济南开办的八大“兴”字商号之一。据说生意最火时,店里摆放能盛500多斤酱菜的大缸足有300多口,占据了店面至南端珍池的多处院落。
清同治年间,在后宰门街上,有家尹氏开的中药店“庆育药店”。据说清同治年间,红顶商人胡雪岩在杭州创办了声名显赫的“胡庆余堂”中药店,一时各地效仿者颇多,有位尹姓商人看好后宰门街是块风水宝地,在此开了家中药店,店名取庆余堂之谐音,称“庆育药店”。虽是借来的名头,药却是货真价实,其自产的儿科良药“至圣保婴丹”配上药引子可治愈很多儿科杂症,一时声名鹊起。
在后宰门街东首路南,有一个旧式门楼基址,这就是当年赫赫有名的同元楼饭庄。同元楼饭庄店名取‘同心开创新纪元’之意,是历城董家镇吕家庄吕本礼兄弟四人于辛亥革命那年创办的。同元楼最火的时候是上世纪二三十年代,不仅是后宰门街最大的饭店,在济南餐饮业中也首屈一指。其精制的蒲菜猪肉灌汤包,采用大明湖新鲜蒲菜和刀切肉馅,用上好佐料“喂”好后,又创造性地加进高汤肉皮冻,出笼后清香扑鼻,咬一口肥而不腻,相当诱人。
离同元楼不远,便是九华楼饭庄。九华楼店主杜氏曾是济南府的富商,特别喜欢九字,在济南开设了九家店铺均以九字打头冠名。光绪初年,主人在自家店里招待客人,大师傅做了一道“烧大肠”上桌,不料客人们对这道酸甜可口、肥而不腻、红润鲜亮的菜品大加赞赏,遂即席命名为“九转大肠”,一是形容其制作工艺如道家炼九转丹,二来取乐于主人的九字癖好。后济南府各饭店酒楼纷纷效仿,名声大振。
后宰门街东首,还有济南最大的关帝庙。据记载,后宰门街关帝庙创建于宋代,初名“汉前将军寿亭侯庙”,由宋指挥使张瑾建造。明万历二十二年(公元1594年),被赐祠额曰“英烈庙”,清初改名为“关帝庙”。明朝嘉靖、清代康熙年间均有较大扩建,总面积达8000平方米。后宰门街关帝庙坐北朝南,东邻原钟楼寺街,北邻万寿宫街,西到塘子胡同,与府学文庙在同一平行线上,一东一西,一武一文,非常对称。
后宰门街自古以来颇具文化氛围。上个世纪二三十年代,这条街上的书肆很多,其中有一家“后宰门书店”,以经营古文献见长。1922年,著名学者胡适先生曾两次来到济南。讲学之余,他忙里偷闲,经常到济南老城的书店里淘书。据《胡适日记》记载,1922年10月18日中午,他在悦宾楼饭店吃完了午饭,信步来到后宰门书店,只花了六角钱,便购得了石印的李文田《元秘史注》和洪钧的《元史译文证补》两书。
而今,从曲水亭往东,漫步隐身于大都市中古老的后宰门街上,你会体味到原汁原味的济南文化,恬美、平和、静幽。在这条街上,不时有苍老的身影擦肩而过,散淡的闲情印在他们脸上;年轻的情侣旁若无人地依偎在百花桥旁的参天大树旁,抓紧时间享受着浪漫的温情;玩耍的少年从他们身边溜过,追逐嬉戏的笑声回荡在树影依稀之间。街上不时传来的悠扬的叫卖声,自行车的铃铛声,还有夹杂在轻风声声的鸟鸣,构成一幅古风古韵的立体图画。
这条老街留给我们的可能是回味,可能是遐想,更多的可能是思考⋯⋯
Recollection of Ancient Prosperous Houzaimen Street
To the south of the road at the south gate of Daming Lake, there is a pond named Baihuazhou. South of Baihuazhou, stands Baihua Bridge. A street located on the east side of the bridge used to be called Baihuaqiao Street before the Ming Dynasty. To the north, this street borders on Daming Lake; to the south it is near to Dewangfu; to the west, it connects with the Confucian Temple and ancient examination hall; to the east, it is close to the county administrative institution. Many famous places such as Fuhui Buddhist Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, the biggest Guandi Temple in Jinan, and the Christian Church are all located here. During the Republic of China (1912-1949), Baihuaqiao Street became a busy and cultural place that had both commercial stores and residential houses.
In 1457, Zhu Qizhen, who was Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), conferred the dignity of Dewang on his second son Zhu Jianlin in Dezhou. In 1466, the Zhangsheren Garden beside the Zhenzhu Spring in Jinan was selected as the mansion for Dewang. Then the north gate of Dewang Mansion was named as Guangzhi Gate. According to the customs of the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the north gate was also called Houzai Gate. After the Dewang Mansion was established, the name of Baihuaqiao Street was changed to Houzaimen Street.
Walking along Houzaimen Street, you can feel the culture of Jinan—beautiful, peaceful, and calm. The cries of the street-vendors, the bells of the bicycles, and the songs of birds form an ancient solid picture of Jinan.
明朝天顺元年(1457年),英宗皇帝朱祁镇封其次子朱见 为德王,封地原在德州,成化二年(1466年)改选济南珍珠泉畔的张舍人园子修建德王府。第二年朱见 来济南就藩,在此共传袭了7代,其子孙先后有15人受封为郡王。当时的德王府规模巨大,“居全城中,占城三分之一”,“宫内殿宇鳞次,堂阁栉比”。后来济南人一度称此处为“德藩故宫”。
德王府的北门正式名称为广智门,但依照元明时的惯例,王府的北门一般也叫做后宰门或者厚载门。德王府建成后不久,有着美丽名字的百花桥街就被改称为了无生气的“厚载门街”。后又回归成了“后宰门”,并约定俗成直到如今。
已故曲艺家、作家陶钝笔下对80多年前后宰门街一带的描写中提到了“酱园”:街上也有熟肉铺、酱园,可以顺便买点菜来⋯⋯此处的“酱园”则是指当时济南最大的酱园——远兴斋酱园。酱园主人是章丘东北乡人,姓李,远兴斋是其在济南开办的八大“兴”字商号之一。据说生意最火时,店里摆放能盛500多斤酱菜的大缸足有300多口,占据了店面至南端珍池的多处院落。
清同治年间,在后宰门街上,有家尹氏开的中药店“庆育药店”。据说清同治年间,红顶商人胡雪岩在杭州创办了声名显赫的“胡庆余堂”中药店,一时各地效仿者颇多,有位尹姓商人看好后宰门街是块风水宝地,在此开了家中药店,店名取庆余堂之谐音,称“庆育药店”。虽是借来的名头,药却是货真价实,其自产的儿科良药“至圣保婴丹”配上药引子可治愈很多儿科杂症,一时声名鹊起。
在后宰门街东首路南,有一个旧式门楼基址,这就是当年赫赫有名的同元楼饭庄。同元楼饭庄店名取‘同心开创新纪元’之意,是历城董家镇吕家庄吕本礼兄弟四人于辛亥革命那年创办的。同元楼最火的时候是上世纪二三十年代,不仅是后宰门街最大的饭店,在济南餐饮业中也首屈一指。其精制的蒲菜猪肉灌汤包,采用大明湖新鲜蒲菜和刀切肉馅,用上好佐料“喂”好后,又创造性地加进高汤肉皮冻,出笼后清香扑鼻,咬一口肥而不腻,相当诱人。
离同元楼不远,便是九华楼饭庄。九华楼店主杜氏曾是济南府的富商,特别喜欢九字,在济南开设了九家店铺均以九字打头冠名。光绪初年,主人在自家店里招待客人,大师傅做了一道“烧大肠”上桌,不料客人们对这道酸甜可口、肥而不腻、红润鲜亮的菜品大加赞赏,遂即席命名为“九转大肠”,一是形容其制作工艺如道家炼九转丹,二来取乐于主人的九字癖好。后济南府各饭店酒楼纷纷效仿,名声大振。
后宰门街东首,还有济南最大的关帝庙。据记载,后宰门街关帝庙创建于宋代,初名“汉前将军寿亭侯庙”,由宋指挥使张瑾建造。明万历二十二年(公元1594年),被赐祠额曰“英烈庙”,清初改名为“关帝庙”。明朝嘉靖、清代康熙年间均有较大扩建,总面积达8000平方米。后宰门街关帝庙坐北朝南,东邻原钟楼寺街,北邻万寿宫街,西到塘子胡同,与府学文庙在同一平行线上,一东一西,一武一文,非常对称。
后宰门街自古以来颇具文化氛围。上个世纪二三十年代,这条街上的书肆很多,其中有一家“后宰门书店”,以经营古文献见长。1922年,著名学者胡适先生曾两次来到济南。讲学之余,他忙里偷闲,经常到济南老城的书店里淘书。据《胡适日记》记载,1922年10月18日中午,他在悦宾楼饭店吃完了午饭,信步来到后宰门书店,只花了六角钱,便购得了石印的李文田《元秘史注》和洪钧的《元史译文证补》两书。
而今,从曲水亭往东,漫步隐身于大都市中古老的后宰门街上,你会体味到原汁原味的济南文化,恬美、平和、静幽。在这条街上,不时有苍老的身影擦肩而过,散淡的闲情印在他们脸上;年轻的情侣旁若无人地依偎在百花桥旁的参天大树旁,抓紧时间享受着浪漫的温情;玩耍的少年从他们身边溜过,追逐嬉戏的笑声回荡在树影依稀之间。街上不时传来的悠扬的叫卖声,自行车的铃铛声,还有夹杂在轻风声声的鸟鸣,构成一幅古风古韵的立体图画。
这条老街留给我们的可能是回味,可能是遐想,更多的可能是思考⋯⋯
Recollection of Ancient Prosperous Houzaimen Street
To the south of the road at the south gate of Daming Lake, there is a pond named Baihuazhou. South of Baihuazhou, stands Baihua Bridge. A street located on the east side of the bridge used to be called Baihuaqiao Street before the Ming Dynasty. To the north, this street borders on Daming Lake; to the south it is near to Dewangfu; to the west, it connects with the Confucian Temple and ancient examination hall; to the east, it is close to the county administrative institution. Many famous places such as Fuhui Buddhist Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, the biggest Guandi Temple in Jinan, and the Christian Church are all located here. During the Republic of China (1912-1949), Baihuaqiao Street became a busy and cultural place that had both commercial stores and residential houses.
In 1457, Zhu Qizhen, who was Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), conferred the dignity of Dewang on his second son Zhu Jianlin in Dezhou. In 1466, the Zhangsheren Garden beside the Zhenzhu Spring in Jinan was selected as the mansion for Dewang. Then the north gate of Dewang Mansion was named as Guangzhi Gate. According to the customs of the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the north gate was also called Houzai Gate. After the Dewang Mansion was established, the name of Baihuaqiao Street was changed to Houzaimen Street.
Walking along Houzaimen Street, you can feel the culture of Jinan—beautiful, peaceful, and calm. The cries of the street-vendors, the bells of the bicycles, and the songs of birds form an ancient solid picture of Jinan.