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目的探讨泼尼松对大鼠股骨和腰椎的骨密度和生物力学性能影响。方法21只3月龄雄性SD大鼠,体质量(226±12) g,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照组、激素造模组。激素造模组喂醋酸泼尼松4.5 mg·kg-1,每周2次。3个月后,用双能X 线吸收骨密度测量扫描仪(DEXA)对各组的离体双侧股骨和第5腰椎进行骨密度测定,然后用SWD-10型材料试验机行股骨干的扭转、三点弯曲和腰椎的压缩试验。结果年龄对照组和激素造模组体质量分别为(281±18) g和(269±19) g,两组之间比较无显著性差异(提示本实验中醋酸泼尼松的用量对动物无明显毒性)。激素造模组与年龄对照组比较,股骨、腰椎总骨密度减少了14.64% (P<0.01);右、左股骨远段和腰椎的骨密度分别减少了21.42% (P<0.01)、19.62% (P<0.05) 和23.48% (P<0.01), 其余节段的骨密度均有所减少。与年龄对照组比较,激素造模组股骨三点弯曲的载荷减少了17.1% (P<0.05),其余的力学参数都有减少的趋势。结论长期使用皮质类固醇,会使大鼠的骨密度减少和力学性能下降,其中松质骨的丢失比皮质骨更为明显,故患骨质疏松时松质骨更容易发生骨折。
Objective To investigate the effects of prednisone on the bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of the femur and lumbar in rats. Methods Twenty-one male SD rats of 3 months old were randomly divided into basic control group, age control group and hormonal modeling group. The model group was fed with 4.5 mg · kg-1 prednisone acetate twice a week. Three months later, the BMD of bilateral bilateral femur and the 5th lumbar vertebrae of each group were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and then using the SWD-10 material testing machine Torsion, three-point bending and lumbar compression test. Results The body weight of the age control group and the hormone model group were (281 ± 18) g and (269 ± 19) g, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (suggesting that the amount of prednisone acetate used in this experiment Obvious toxicity). Compared with the age control group, the total BMD of the femur and lumbar decreased by 14.64% (P <0.01); the BMD of the distal femur and lumbar of the right and left females decreased by 21.42% (P <0.01) and 19.62% (P <0.05) and 23.48% (P <0.01), respectively. The BMD of other segments decreased. Compared with the age control group, the load of the three-point bending of the femur in the hormone-treated group decreased by 17.1% (P <0.05), and the rest of the mechanical parameters tended to decrease. Conclusion Long-term use of corticosteroids will reduce the bone mineral density and mechanical properties of rats decreased, of which the loss of cancellous bone is more obvious than the cortical bone, so the cancellous bone is more susceptible to osteoporosis fractures.