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目的 探讨血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)与首发抑郁症的相关性.方法 对纳入的首发抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)90例和健康对照者(对照组)90例,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床总体印象量表(CGI-SI)评定临床症状及严重程度,并对所有受试者采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清BDNF和GDNF水平,抑郁症组需评估基线、第2、4、8周HAMD-17、HAMA、CGI-SI得分.结果 抑郁症组基线血清BDNF和GDNF水平(分别为9.35±1.88 μg/L、7.33±1.44 μg/L)均低于对照组(分别为11.31±2.00 μg/L、8.93±1.58 μg/L),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).经相关分析,抑郁症患者基线血清BDNF水平与基线CGI-SI(r=-0.221,P=0.037)呈负相关.受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示抑郁症患者基线血清BDNF和GDNF水平最佳切点值分别为12.285 μg/L、6.745 μg/L,其预测患抑郁症的灵敏度和特异度分别为41.10％和95.60％、95.60％和47.80％.进行条件Logistic回归分析,说明基线血清BDNF和GDNF水平降低是罹患抑郁症的危险因素.结论 基线血清BDNF和GDNF水平降低与首发抑郁症有关,可作为判断抑郁症的生物学指标之一,但不能完全作为预测抑郁症患者症状缓解的指标.“,”Objective To explore the association between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and first-episode depression. Methods 90 patients with first-episode depression and 90 normal controls were investigated. 17 items of the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), clinical global impression-severity of illness (CGI-SI) were used to assess the clinical symptoms and severity, and all the participants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) was used to measure the serum BDNF and GDNF. The scores of HAMD-17, HAMA, and CGI-SI at the baseline,and weeks 2,4, and 8 were assessed in the depression group. Results Baseline serum levels of BDNF and GDNF in depression patients (respectively 9.35±1.88 μg/L, 7.33±1.44 μg/L) were lower than those in control (respectively 11.31±2.00μg/L, 8.93±1.58 μg/L), P＜0.01. Correlation analysis showed that baseline serum BDNF was negatively correlated with baseline CGI-SI (r=-0.221,P=0.037) in patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut point values of serum BDNF and GDNF in patients were 12.285 μg/L and 6.745μg/L, and the sensitivity and specificity of ROC curve analysis for predicting depression were 41.10％ and 95.60％, 95.60％ and 47.80％, respectively. Conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased baseline serum BDNF and GDNF levels were risk factors for depression. Conclusion Decrease of baseline serum BDNF and GDNF is associated with first-episode depression, and may be used as one of the biological indicators to judge depression, but can not be a predictor of symptom remission in patients with depression.