(一)本世纪20年代左右,卢卡奇·柯尔施和葛兰西等早期西方马克思主义者认为,无产阶级革命之所以在西欧一些国家不能发生或未获成功,其原因并不在于这些国家没有出现经济危机、阶级分化等客观条件,而是作为革命主体的阶级在心理素质上——在主体意识上并不成熟,革命缺乏一种持久和内在 (1) Around the 1920s, the early Western Marxists such as Lukacs Korch and Gramsci thought that the reason why the proletarian revolution can not happen or not succeed in some countries in Western Europe lies not in these The state did not have any objective conditions such as economic crisis and class differentiation. Rather, the class as the main body of revolution, on the psychological quality, was not mature in the subjective consciousness and the revolution lacks a lasting and internal