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马克思主义有一条重要原理,谓之生产决定论。其本质为物质第一性,存在决定意识。但马克思又说过:“为了生产,人们就发生一定的联系和关系,而且只有通过这些社会联系和社会关系,才有人们对自然的关系,才有生产。”(《雇佣劳动和资本》1953年三联书店版第21页)这些社会联系和社会关系就是生产关系。生产关系的性质决定于生产资料归谁所有,而这种生产关系继续,则是再生产出来的生产资料在全社会的成员之间如何进行分配。从这个意义上说,生产和生产关系的延续,都决定于分配。
Marxism has an important principle, that of production determinism. Its essence is materiality, and there is sense of decision. However, Marx once said: “For the sake of production, people have some connection and relationship, and only through these social and social relations can people have their own relation to nature.” (“Wage Labor and Capital”, 1953 Joint Publishing, p. 21). These social connections and social relations are the relations of production. The nature of the relations of production depends upon who owns the means of production, and the continuation of such relations of production is the distribution of the means of production which are reproduced from the members of the society as a whole. In this sense, the continuation of the relationship between production and production depends on the distribution.