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为了获取更高的分辨率,空间望远镜系统的尺寸变得越来越大,以至于这些光学仪器无法装入现存运载器的内包络。采用可展开结构或分瓣式光学元件是克服内包络限制的一种有效手段,目前,国际上许多航天型号任务正积极采用这样的设计方案。与传统光学系统不同的是,可展开光学系统将依赖于展开机构的重复性和可靠性,以及多光学元件的主动共相来满足光学系统的成像需求。可展开次镜支撑桁架是可展开光学系统的重要组成部分,其展开精度直接影响光学系统的性能。为了了解该类展开机构的发展现状,文章对可展开望远镜系统进行了充分的调研与分析,从结构形式、展开机构、驱动方式等角度讨论了几种典型的可展开次镜支撑桁架的特点,并对其中的关键技术,如铰链的非线性特性抑制技术、高重复性和稳定性在轨展开锁定技术及地面重力卸载技术等进行了分析与总结。最后归纳了可展开次镜支撑桁架的一些设计原则。
In order to obtain higher resolution, the size of the space telescope system becomes larger and larger, so that these optical instruments can not fit into the internal envelope of the existing carrier. The use of expandable structure or split optical components is an effective way to overcome the limitation of inner envelope. At present, many aerospace type missions in the world are actively adopting such a design scheme. Unlike traditional optical systems, deployable optical systems will rely on the repeatability and reliability of the deployment mechanism and the active co-phase of multiple optical elements to meet the imaging needs of the optical system. Expandable secondary mirror support Truss is an important part of the optical system that can be deployed, its deployment accuracy directly affects the performance of the optical system. In order to understand the status quo of this kind of expansion mechanism, the article conducts sufficient research and analysis on the expandable telescope system, and discusses the characteristics of several typical expandable secondary mirror support trusses from the aspects of structure, deployment mechanism and driving mode, The key technologies, such as the non-linearity restraint technology of hinges, the high repeatability and stability in-orbit unlocking technology and the ground gravity unloading technology are analyzed and summarized. Finally, some design principles of deployable secondary mirror support trusses are summarized.