1 概述安全性作为一门独立的学科是在20世纪50年代末形成的,其推动力是美国早期的导弹发展计划的需要。当时,液体推进剂导弹如宇宙神、雷神等经常发生爆炸事故,经调查发现,这些事故主要是由于设计缺陷、操作失误以及糟糕的管理决策所引起。这一时期,美空军事故也频繁发生,损失了众多飞机和飞行员。此后,美国国防部制定并发布实施了一系列有关系统安全的指令、规范和标准。1978年美国国防部颁布了 1 Overview Security as an independent discipline was formed in the late 1950s and was driven by the need for early missile development programs in the United States. At the time, frequent explosions of liquid propellant missiles, such as Cosmic God and Raytheon, were found to have been caused by design flaws, operational errors and poor management decisions. During this period, the U.S. air force accidents also occurred frequently, losing many aircraft and pilots. Since then, the U.S. Department of Defense has developed and issued a series of directives, codes and standards on system security. In 1978 the United States Department of Defense was promulgated