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都江堰是修建在挾带大量推移卵石的岷江中游河上的一項防洪、灌溉、漂木綜合利用大型水利工程。从二千二百多年前建成以来,一直滋潤着富饒的成都平原。在新中国成立后,灌区日益扩大,各項綜合利用效益日益发展。其成功的主要經驗是在工程布局上巧妙地解决了引水防沙中的泥沙問題,并輔以一整套治河淘淤的岁修制度。根据現代水文观測資料及近年天然河道实測卵石推移量和断面冲淤变化,以及河工模型試驗結果,对都江堰河道泥沙运动規律及都江堰各个工程的作用和相互关系进行了科学的分析和探討。本文就这个工程的地理环境及兴建历史、工程的巨大效益、工程历久不废的原因和科学研究与灌区发展作一概括介紹。
Dujiangyan is a large-scale water conservancy project on the comprehensive utilization of flood control, irrigation and drift wood built on the middle reaches of the Minjiang River carrying a large number of pebbles. Since its establishment 2,200 years ago, it has been nourishing the fertile plains of Chengdu. After the founding of New China, irrigation districts have been expanding day by day, and the benefits of comprehensive utilization have been increasing day by day. The main experience of its success is the clever solution to the problem of sediment in the water diversion and sediment control in the layout of the project, supplemented by a set of annual training system to treat the river and scour the silt. Based on the modern hydrological observation data and the measured pebble displacements and cross-section scouring and silting changes in natural rivers in recent years and the river model test results, this paper analyzes and discusses the sediment movement in Dujiangyan and the roles and relationships among various projects in Dujiangyan . This article gives a general introduction to the geography of this project and its construction history, the huge benefit of the project, the reason why the project will not be wasted and the development of scientific research and irrigation district.