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一、时代提出的课题当代世界经济发展有两个趋势。一是经济的“国际化”,指在世界经济发展过程中,各国的经济联系日益密切,它表现为国际贸易的发展,1986年国际贸易额增长到21,250亿美元;资金的国际流动,是国际贸易额的25倍;跨国公司和其他国际经济组织的发展;国家集团的出现以及国际分工与协作等。二是经济的“民族国家化”,即使本民族国家范围的经济与外界隔离开来的一种趋势,它表现为关税壁垒,贸易保护,对外国资本的限制等。经济的“国际化”和“民族国家化”始终是同时存在,互相渗透的。
I. Issues raised by the age There are two trends in the economic development in the contemporary world. First, the “internationalization” of the economy means that in the process of world economic development, the economic ties between various countries are getting closer and closer. It manifests itself in the development of international trade. In 1986, the international trade volume increased to 2.21 trillion U.S. dollars. The international flow of funds is an international 25 times the volume of trade; the development of transnational corporations and other international economic organizations; the emergence of national groups and the international division of labor and cooperation. Second, “nationalization of the economy” of the economy, even if the economy of the nation-state is isolated from the outside world, is characterized by tariff barriers, trade protection and restrictions on foreign capital. Economic “internationalization” and “nationalization” have always existed and permeated each other.