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破伤风是比较常见的创伤传染病,其死亡率甚高;尤其在战争中,战士由于遭受复杂性火器性损伤,而并发破伤风者实非鲜见。破伤风系由特殊的破伤风杆菌所致,此种细菌对外界具有相当强的抵抗力。破伤风菌广泛存在于动物及人的肠道中;前者的粪便中几乎100%含有破伤风菌,后者粪便中约8—37%含有该菌。因此,破伤风菌随人及动物粪便进入泥土长期生存,并随灰尘而飞散传播,落在人的皮肤、粘膜、衣服或其他物品上。这样,在皮肤粘膜完整性遭到破坏后,就有发生破伤风的可能。
Tetanus is a relatively common traumatic infectious disease with a high mortality rate; it is in fact not uncommon for war fighters to experience tetanus due to the complexity of firearm injuries during the war. Tetanus is caused by a special tetanus bacterium that is quite resistant to the outside world. Tetanus bacteria are found widely in the gut of animals and humans; nearly 100% of the former’s feces contain tetanus bacteria, which account for about 8-37% of the stool. As a result, tetanus toxins, along with human and animal excrement, enter the soil for long-term survival and spread with dust and fall on human skin, mucous membranes, clothing or other items. In this way, the integrity of the skin and mucosa was destroyed, there is the possibility of tetanus.