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Hypocrellin A(HA), a photosensitive perylenequinone compound of Hypocrella bambusae , inhibited the proliferation of several tumor cell lines. Human cervical cancer cells, HeLa cells, were used as a model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HA-induced tumor cell death. The results show that HA can induce the oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA in HeLa cells and also can increase the expression of apoptosis inducer Bax mRNA and that it decreases the expression of apoptosis suppressor, Bcl-2 mRNA, in mitochondria. It can be concluded from the data that HA-induced apoptosis is related to the balance between Bcl-2 and Bax gene expressions.