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目的调查我院住院早产儿脑损伤发生率及影响因素。方法对2003年8月至2005年10月我院收治的404例早产儿应用ABR4000S/L B超诊断仪在生后3~7d内常规进行床边头颅B超检查。结果150例早产儿存在脑损伤,平均胎龄为(33·27±1·99)周;平均出生体重(1993±505)g。总的脑室内出血发生率35·2%(142/404),脑室周围白质软化的发生率3·5%(14/404),轻度脑损伤发生率23·5%(95/404),重度脑损伤发生率13·6%(55/404)。胎龄越小,体重越低,脑损伤发生率越高,但与颅内出血程度无关。妊高征、宫内窘迫、胎龄、高频振荡通气治疗、出生时窒息、出生体重可使早产儿脑损伤发生率增高。结论早产儿脑损伤的发生及严重程度与多因素有关,头颅B超可对早产儿脑损伤作出早期诊断,为早期干预提供依据。
Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of brain injury in hospitalized premature infants in our hospital. Methods A total of 404 preterm infants admitted to our hospital from August 2003 to October 2005 were diagnosed by bedside cranial ultrasound B with ABR4000S / L B ultrasonography instrument within 3 ~ 7 days after birth. Results 150 premature infants had brain injury with an average gestational age of (33.27 ± 1.99) weeks and mean birth weight (1993 ± 505) g. The incidence of total intracerebral hemorrhage was 35.2% (142/404), the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia was 3.5% (14/404), mild brain injury was 23.5% (95/404), severe The incidence of brain injury was 13.6% (55/404). The smaller the gestational age, the lower the body weight, the higher the incidence of brain injury, but not with the degree of intracranial hemorrhage. PIH, intrauterine distress, gestational age, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, birth asphyxia, birth weight can increase the incidence of brain injury in preterm infants. Conclusions The incidence and severity of brain injury in preterm infants are related to many factors. Early diagnosis of brain injury in preterm infants may be made by B-ultrasound in the head, providing a basis for early intervention.