作为开证行,可视贸易实务对提单背书提出相应要求;作为交单行,则应尽量用严谨的方式背书。信用证结算时,往往规定海运提单的收货人为空白抬头(即TO ORDER)。此种情况便于货物流通,托运人背书后就可以转让。但对于背书的方式,UCP等国际惯例并未提及。而实务中遇到的拒付与反拒付的案例则往往会涉及背书的有效性,值得我们探讨。案例背景信用证类型:远期信用证 As the issuing bank, visual trade practices endorsement of the bill of lading put forward the corresponding requirements; as a single pay, you should try to use a rigorous way endorsement. When the letter of credit is settled, it is often required that the consignee of the bill of lading be blank (that is, TO ORDER). Such circumstances facilitate the circulation of goods, the shipper endorsement can be transferred. However, the way of endorsement, UCP and other international practices are not mentioned. In practice, cases of protest and anti-refoulement often involve the validity of endorsement, which deserves our discussion. Case Background Letter of Credit Type: Forward Credit