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痛苦和孤独是人类生存经验的永恒话题。本文通过探讨苏珊·桑塔格、海明威及蒙克等人对他人痛苦的论述发现:旁观他人之痛是无可避免的自然体验,旁观者会通过如尖叫声、绘画等讯息,表明自己接收到了他者的痛苦;人类社群性存在,当个体处于孤独境况中,将要独自承担痛苦时,由痛苦引起的极端消极后果可能会使主体毁灭;而人类始终在努力,试图超越自然的界限,对痛苦和孤独进行不懈反抗。一、旁观:快感或痛感苏珊·桑塔格在《关于他人的痛苦》中曾论述,
Pain and loneliness are the eternal topics of human existence. This essay explores the suffering of others by Susan Sontag, Hemingway, and Munch. It is found that observing the pain of others is an unavoidable natural experience and spectators show themselves through messages such as screams and paintings The suffering of the Other is received; the existence of the human community, when the individual is alone, will bear the pain alone, the extreme negative consequences caused by pain may destroy the subject; and human beings are constantly struggling to transcend the limits of nature , Tirelessly resist pain and loneliness. First, onlookers: pleasure or pain Susan Sontag in “on the suffering of others” has been discussed,