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教学设计:从微观上讲,是指教师在教学活动之前,针对一个班级或单个教学内容的教学所作的设计和准备。从宏观上讲,是指教师根据教学对象和教学内容,确定合适的教学起点和终点,将教学诸要素有序、优化地安排,形成教学方案的过程。具体地说,教学设计需要解决四个基本问题:①制订教学目标,即用具体可观察的、可测量的语言精确表述教学目标。这是教学设计的基本要求。②进行教学任务分析,即确定从学生的现有水平到教学目标之间需要获得的能力及其组织关系。③对教学内容的分析与组织,对教学方法和教学媒体的选择。④对教学的监控和评价。
Instructional Design: At a microscopic level, refers to the design and preparation of a teacher’s teaching of a class or a single instructional content prior to the teaching activity. From a macro point of view, refers to the teacher based on teaching objects and teaching content to determine the appropriate starting point and end of teaching, teaching all elements of orderly and optimally arranged to form a teaching process. Specifically, the teaching design needs to solve four basic problems: ① set the teaching goal, that is, accurately describe the teaching goal in a concrete and observable measurable language. This is a basic requirement for instructional design. ② analysis of teaching tasks, that is, to determine the current level from the students to the teaching objectives needed to obtain the ability and organizational relationship. ③ analysis and organization of teaching content, teaching methods and teaching media choice. ④ monitoring and evaluation of teaching.