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黄土高原广泛分布的土壤结皮对地表水文过程有重要影响.以定西黄土丘陵区安家沟小流域内的土壤结皮为研究对象,基于野外采样和水文模拟实验等技术,探讨不同土壤结皮类型对地表水文过程的影响.结果表明:①与裸地相比,有结皮覆盖的地表土壤容重较小,土壤持水能力显著增强,其增加幅度为裸地的1.4～1.9倍;②土壤结皮可有效拦截降雨,以苔藓结皮的拦截能力最强,其次为混生结皮和地衣结皮,无结皮覆盖的裸地抵御降雨冲击的能力最差;③模拟实验显示,土壤结皮能在一定程度上增加水分入渗速率及总入渗量.有结皮覆盖的平均地表入渗速率是裸地的近2倍,而其累计入渗总量也远远高于裸地.
The widely distributed soil crusts on the Loess Plateau have an important influence on the surface hydrological processes. Taking the soil crusts in the Anjiagou small watershed in the Dingxi hilly area as the research object, based on field sampling and hydrological simulation experiments, the effects of different soil crust types On the surface hydrological process.The results showed that: ① Compared with the bare land, the soil bulk density of the cover-covered surface soil was small and the water holding capacity of the soil was significantly enhanced, which increased by 1.4-1.9 times that of the bare land; ②The soil knots The skin can effectively intercept rainfall, with the strongest moss crust interception ability, followed by mixed crusts and lichen crusts, and bare crusts with bare crusts have the worst ability to resist the impact of rainfall. (3) The simulation experiments show that the soil crust To a certain extent, increase the rate of water infiltration and the total infiltration rate.The average surface infiltration rate with crust coverage is nearly 2 times that of bare land, and the total infiltration total amount is also much higher than bare land.