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世界卫生组织推荐,母乳喂养是早产儿的最佳喂养方式.母乳喂养无论对早产儿还是母亲的健康,以及对节约医疗卫生支出都更为有利.但目前早产儿的母乳喂养率仍不够理想,尤其在早产儿出生后早期入住NICU阶段更面临着诸多问题.文章从早产儿自身特点,母亲的人口社会学特征、知识信念及心理状况,医院政策与支持,以及家庭支持等,对住院早产儿母乳喂养的促进因素与阻碍因素作一综述.“,”According to WHO, breastfeeding is the best for premature babies. Breastfeeding are beneficial for health of both mothers and their premature infatns and as well as reduction of medical and health expenditure. However, the breastfeeding rate in premature infants is still unsatisfactory so far, especially in those premature infants admitted to NICU in the early life. This article review promoting and hindering factors of breastfeeding in hospitalized premature infants from the following aspects:the characteristics of premature infants, the demographic and sociological characteristics, knowledge, beliefs, and psychological status of mothers, hospital policies and support, and family support.